Kajian Literatur: Gambaran Tingkat Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Perawat

Ballsy Cicilia Albertina Pangkey, Exadina Romaito Hutasoit, Felix Irianto Nenohaifeto, Juhdeliena Juhdeliena, Elizabeth Christina Yunita Sari

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ABSTRACT

 

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are disorders of pain, discomfort, and or even injury to bones, joints, ligaments, and other soft tissues, such as nerves and blood vessels due to prolonged and excessive use (Kim, 2014). From the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data in 2010, nurses have the highest MSDs of 27,020 cases. MSDs complaints if left untreated can cause dislocation of the spine which causes pain and can be persistent (Suma'mur, 2014). The purpose of this study was to identify the level of risk of MSDs in nurses and the body parts of nurses who often experience MSDs. This research uses the literature review method. The databases used are Google Scholar, EBSCO, Garuda, and Science Direct with the keywords used are the risk level of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in nurses, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in nurses, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and nurses. Inclusion criteria for articles within the last ten years, Indonesian or English, full text, using quantitative methods, and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in nurses. The exclusion criteria for this study were the results of research using the literature review method and articles with a qualitative research design. The data analysis method used was the PRISMA diagram method. From 12 articles, researchers found that the risk level of MSDs in nurses is high and higher than other health workers. MSDs in nurses often occur in the lower back, neck, right shoulder and knee. The level of risk of MSDs in nurses is high so intervention is needed by providing tools for transferring patients and providing programs for nurses to maintain the correct ergonomic position during work.

 

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Nurses

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) merupakan gangguan rasa sakit, ketidaknyamanan, dan atau bahkan cedera pada tulang, sendi, ligamen, dan jaringan lunak lainnya, seperti saraf dan pembuluh darah akibat penggunaan yang terlalu lama dan berlebihan (Kim, 2014). Dari data Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) tahun 2010, perawat memiliki MSDs tertinggi yaitu 27.020 kasus. Keluhan MSDs jika terus dibiarkan dapat menyebabkan dislokasi pada tulang punggung yang menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan dapat bersifat menetap (Suma’mur, 2014). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran tingkat risiko MSDs pada perawat serta bagian tubuh perawat yang sering mengalami MSDs. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur. Database yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar, EBSCO, Garuda, dan Science Direct dengan kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu tingkat risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada perawat, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada perawat, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) dan perawat. Kriteria inklusi artikel dalam rentang sepuluh tahun terakhir, Bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa Inggris, full text, menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada perawat. Kriteria eksklusi penelitian ini adalah hasil penelitian dengan metode kajian literatur dan artikel dengan desain penelitian kualitatif. Metode analsisi data yang digunakan adalah metode diagram PRISMA. Dari 12 artikel peneliti mendapatkan tingkat risiko MSDs pada perawat tinggi dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. MSDs pada perawat sering terjadi pada bagian punggung bawah, leher, bahu kanan dan lutut. Tingkat risiko MSDs pada perawat tinggi sehingga diperlukan intervensi dengan menyediakan alat untuk transferring pasien dan memberikan program untuk perawat agar menjaga posisi ergonomis yang benar selama bekerja.

 

Kata Kunci: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Perawat


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v3i8.10731

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