Perbedaan Rerata Usia Kehamilan dengan Munculnya Onset Preeklamsi Ringan, Berat, dan Eklamsi pada Ibu Hamil
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ABSTRACT
Preeclampsia is a serious problem in pregnancy that causes significant morbidity and mortality in maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. Eclampsia is one of the most serious non-obstetric complications. Preeclampsia often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, particularly after 32 weeks of gestation. However, in some cases, preeclampsia can occur in other trimesters. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the relationship between gestational age and the occurrence of mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and eclampsia using medical records from Ciawi Regional General Hospital from January to December 2020. The variables in this study consisted of basic characteristics of the respondents (maternal age and parity status), gestational age (in weeks), and maternal medical conditions divided into three groups (mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Out of 190 respondents, the average age of the mothers was 32 years, and the average gestational age was 36.2 weeks, with severe preeclampsia being the dominant medical condition (85.3%). The research findings revealed no significant difference in the mean gestational age among the three groups of pregnant mothers (P-value: 0.235). Further clinical review revealed that eclampsia occurred at an earlier gestational age compared to mild preeclampsia, which generally occurs in the late stages of pregnancy. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of preeclampsia and eclampsia to improve the quality of healthcare services.
Keywords: Eclampsia, Gestational Age, Preeclampsia
ABSTRAK
Preeklamsi merupakan salah satu masalah pada kehamilan yang serius, kondisi tersebut menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada maternal, fetal, dan neonatal yang signifikan. Eklamsi merupakan salah satu komplikasi non-obstetrik yang paling serius. Preeklamsi seringkali terjadi pada trimester tiga kehamilan, khususnya usia gestasi >32 minggu. Namun pada beberapa kasus preeklamsi dapat terjadi pada trimester lainnya. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia kehamilan dengan kejadian preeklamsi ringan, preeklamsi berat dan eklamsi dengan menggunakan data rekam medis Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Ciawi pada periode Januari – Desember 2020. Variabel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari karakteristik dasar responden (usia ibu dan status paritas), usia kehamilan (minggu), serta kondisi medis ibu yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (preeklamsi ringan, berat, dan eklamsi). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis. Dari 190 responden, rata-rata usia ibu 32 tahun, rata-rata usia kehamilan adalah 36,2 minggu dengan kondisi medis didominasi oleh preeklamsi berat (85,3%). Hasil penelitian menemukan tidak ada perbedaan rerata usia kehamilan yang bermakna antara tiga kelompok ibu hamil (nilai P = 0,235). Peninjauan lebih lanjut secara klinis diketahui bahwa eklamsi terjadi pada usia kehamilan yang cenderung lebih awal dibandingkan preeklamsi ringan yang umumnya terjadi pada fase kehamilan aterm. Temuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terkait preeklamsi dan eklamsi guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Kata Kunci: Eklamsi, Preeklamsi, Usia gestasi
Teks Lengkap:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v3i9.11037
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