Asi Eksklusif sebagai Determinan Stunting pada Balita Usia 13- 24 Bulan di Kelurahan Keteguhan Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur Bandar Lampung

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ABSTRAK

Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, kecerdasan, lebih rentan penyakit, dan di masa depan dapat menurunnya produktifitas. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tinggi yakni 27,67%. Studi pendahuluan di Kelurahan Keteguhan tahun 2022 tercatat 28,82% balita stunting. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui determinan factor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Stunting pada balita usia 13-24 bulan di Kelurahan Keteguhan, Kecamatan Telukbetung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian observasional  analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita usia 13-24 bulan sejumlah 318 dan sampel 195 balita. Analisis yang digunakan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0 meliputi univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, bivariat menggunakan uji chi square, dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda.Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2021. Hasil penelitian diketahui distribusi frekuensi stunting sebanyak 29,7%, Ibu hamil KEK 30,8%, BBLR 17,4%, status ASI Eksklusif sebanyak 40%, Pendidikan orang tua tinggi 55,4%, dan pendapatan keluarga tinggi sebanyak 54,9%.  Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan status gizi ibu hamil (OR=4,276), BBLR (OR=3,962), ASI Ekslusif (OR=4,608), dan pendapatan keluarga (OR=3,306) dengan stunting. Namun tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan orang tua dengan stunting (p value=0,145). Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan determinan stunting terdiri dari Status Gizi Ibu Hamil, ASI Ekslusif dan Pendapatan keluarga. Adapun faktor yang paling dominan adalah ASI Esklusif (OR=4,192).   Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlu revitalisasi peran petugas kesehatan khususnya  bidan di berbagai tingkatan untuk meningkatkan cakupan ASI Ekslusif dan status gizi (KEK) ibu hamil dalam penurunan prevalensi stunting.

Kata Kunci : BBLR, ASI Eksklusif, KEK, Pendidikan, Pendapatan, Stunting

ABSTRACT

The incidence of stunting is a nutritional problem that has an impact on growth and development, intelligence, is more susceptible to disease, and in the future can decrease productivity. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still high, namely 27.67%. A preliminary study in Kelurahan Keteguhanin 2022 recorded that 13.84% of children under five were stunted. The research objective was to determine factors the incidence of stunting in toddlers 13-24 months in Kelurahan Keteguhan, Kecamatan Telukbetung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung in 2021.This type of research is analytic observational with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all aged 13-24 months, namely 318 and a sample of 195 toddlers. The analysis used using SPSS version 16.0 includes univariate with frequency distribution, bivariate using chi square test, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The study was conducted in April 2021. The results of stunting was 29.7%, pregnant women with KEK 30.8%, LBW 17.4%, exclusive breastfeeding status was 40%, high parental education was 55.4%, and high parental income was 54, 9%. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women (OR = 4.276), LBW (OR = 3,962), exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 4.608), and parental income (OR = 3.306) with stunting. However, there is no correlation between parental education and stunting (p value = 0.145). The results of the multivariate analysis showed the determinants of stunting consisted of the nutritional status of pregnant women, exclusive breastfeeding and parents' income. The most dominant factor is exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 4.192). The recommendation of this study isneed to revitalize the role of health workers, especially midwives at various levels, to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status (KEK) of pregnant women in reducing the prevalence of stunting, besides that there is a need for a greater role in cross-sectoral involvement in preventing the incidence of stunting.

Keywords: LBW, Exclusive Breastfeeding, KEK, Education, Income, Stunting