Panduan Penulisan
Tantangan, Kebutuhan dan Strategi Coping pada Caregiver dalam Merawat Pasien Kanker: Kajian Literatur Sistematik
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ABSTRACT
Caregivers play an important role throughout the cancer disease trajectory, from diagnosis to the progression of the disease including treatment, follow-up and on to palliative care. The complexity of cancer patients treatment affects various aspects and the needs of caregivers. The aim of the study was to examine the challenges, care needs, and coping strategies of caregivers in providing care to cancer patients based on the current literature. The review search was conducted through databases in MEDLINE, Science Direct, Proquest, and PubMed. The selection process was guided by the PRISMA flow diagram and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The results of the study were obtained from 15 qualitative research articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The challenges reported were low quality of health care, problems experienced by caregivers, and the impact of cultural norms and beliefs in the caregiver community. The caregiver needs were support from health care, psychosocial support, and financial support. The coping strategy were obtained by seeking social, emotional, and cognitive support from health care and sharing responsibility with other families. In providing care to cancer patients, it is imperative to provide quality services in order to get support for caregivers in all aspects so they can implement a coping strategy to improve their quality of life.
Keywords: Cancer, Caregiver, Challenge, Coping Strategy, Need
ABSTRAK
Caregiver memiliki peranan penting mulai dari saat diagnosis penyakit hingga sepanjang perkembangan dari penyakit kanker termasuk pengobatan, follow-up sampai perawatan paliatif. Kompleksitas dari perawatan pasien kanker dapat memengaruhi berbagai aspek dan kebutuhan dari caregiver. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan, kebutuhan perawatan dan strategi coping caregiver dalam memberikan perawatan pada pasien kanker berdasarkan literatur terkini. Kajian literatur dilakukan melalui database MEDLINE, Proquest, PubMed dan Science Direct dengan seleksi literatur menggunakan Flow Diagram PRISMA dan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Hasil kajian diperoleh dari 15 artikel penelitian kualitatif sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tantangan yang dihadapi caregiver adalah rendahnya kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, masalah yang dialami caregiver, dampak pada kehidupan caregiver serta budaya dan kepercayaan di komunitas. Kebutuhan dari caregiver yaitu dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan, dukungan psikososial dan keuangan. Strategi coping didapatkan dengan mencari dukungan sosial, dukungan emosional, dukungan kognitif dari tenaga kesehatan serta berbagi tanggung jawab dengan keluarga lain dalam merawat pasien. Dalam memberikan perawatan kepada pasien kanker, diharapkan pelayanan yang berkualitas juga diberikan kepada caregiver sehingga caregiver mendapatkan dukungan dalam berbagai aspek sehingga caregiver memiliki strategi coping untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.
Kata Kunci: Caregiver, Kanker, Kebutuhan, Strategi Coping, Tantangan
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i9.14979
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