Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antiretroviral (ARV) Pada Pasien HIV-AIDS: Literature Review

Maria Devi Novarita, Sri Yona

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

HIV-AIDS is a disease that currently cannot be cured. Until now, no drug has been found can cure HIV, but antiretroviral drugs (ARV) have proven to be very effective in delaying the emergence of AIDS by forming antibodies and producing pro-inflammatory agents to suppress the number of viruses in the blood so that can inhibit damage to immune system (Permenkes, 2016). Adherence to taking ARV is very important to be maintained because they must be taken throughout life (Kemenkes Ditjen P2P, 2024). To analyze factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medication in HIV-AIDS patients, through a systematic review. The design of this research is a literature review using the PRISMA flow diagram. Researcher used PEO and searched for English language articles, which is published from 2018 to March 2024. The databases used were Scopus, Pubmed, Science Direct, EBSCO and Proquest. Beside of the five databases, the researcher added two Indonesian language articles related to the purpose of the literature, which were the result of lecturers of Nursing Science study program, Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia. Researcher uses the Covidence tool for the data selection process through to extraction. Sixteen articles were identified and analyzed. Ten of the sixteen articles had cross-sectional study design. The sample size of the studies ranged from 9 to 792 which were conducted in various geographical areas, 50% of the articles, which are 8 articles was carried out in country on the African continent, most of them were South Africa, East Africa and West Africa and the remaining articles came from the American continent as well as Southeast Asia and South Asia. From the literature review conducted by the researcher, the researcher concluded several factors that influence ART treatment adherence which include factors related to the patient himself (gender or sex, age, level of education, socio-economic status, self-awareness, alcohol drinking habits and drug use), stigma (openness about illness, disclosure of status to partner), social support (partner, family, social environment), treatment (side effects of medication and duration of HIV illness), health services (convenience and trust in health facilities).

 

Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Factors Influence, Medication, Adherence

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

HIV-AIDS merupakan penyakit yang saat ini belum dapat disembuhkan. Hingga saat ini, memang belum ditemukan obat yang dapat menyembuhkan HIV, tetapi obat antiretroviral (ARV) terbukti sangat efektif dalam menunda munculnya AIDS dengan membentuk antibodi dan menghasilkan agen proinflamasi untuk menekan jumlah virus dalam darah sehingga dapat menghambat kerusakan sistem kekebalan tubuh (Permenkes, 2016). Kepatuhan minum ARV sangat penting untuk dipertahankan karena harus diminum selama hidupnya (Kemenkes Ditjen P2P, 2024). Melakukan analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat Antiretroviral (ARV) pada pasien HIV-AIDS, melalui tinjuan sistematik. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review menggunakan diagram alur PRISMA. Peneliti menggunakan PEO dan mencari artikel bahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan Maret 2024. Database yang digunakan meliputi Scopus, Pubmed, Science Direct, EBSCO dan Proquest. Selain dari kelima database tersebut peneliti menambahkan dua artikel berbahasa Indonesia terkait tujuan literature, yang merupakan karya dosen, program studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia. Peneliti memanfaatkan tool Covidence yang dilakukan untuk proses seleksi data sampai dengan ekstraksi. Enam belas artikel diidentifikasi dan dianalisis. Sepuluh dari enam belas artikel memiliki desain cross sectional studi. Ukuran sampel dari studi berkisar dari 9 sampai dengan 792 yang dilakukan di berbagi wilayah geografis, sebanyak 50% yaitu 8 artikel, penelitiannya dilakukan pada negara bagian dari benua Afrika, yang terbanyak adalah Afrika Selatan, kemudian Afrika Timur dan Afrika Barat dan sisanya artikel berasal dari benua Amerika serta Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan. Dari literature review yang dilakukan peneliti, peneliti  menyimpulkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan pengobatan ART yang meliputi faktor yang berhubungan dengan pasien sendiri (gender atau jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, kesadaran diri, kebiasaan minum alkohol dan penggunaan narkoba), stigma (keterbukaan tentang penyakit, pengungkapan status kepada pasangan), dukungan sosial (pasangan, keluarga, lingkungan sosial), pengobatan (efek samping obat dan lama sakit HIV), pelayanan kesehatan (kemudahan dan kepercayaan terhadap fasilitas kesehatan).

 

Kata Kunci: HIV, AIDS, Factors Influence, Medication, Adherence


Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Brown, M. J., S. E. Harrison and X. Li (2019). "Gender Disparities in Traumatic Life Experiences and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living with HIV in South Carolina." AIDS and Behavior 23(11): 2904-2915.

Buh, A. A.-O., R. Deonandan, J. Gomes, A. Krentel, O. Oladimeji and S. A.-O. X. Yaya "Barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among ART non-adherence people living with HIV in Cameroon: A qualitative phenomenological study." (1932-6203 (Electronic)).

Camargo, C. C., N. R. V. Cavassan, K. I. Tasca, S. Meneguin, H. A. Miot and L. R. Souza (2019). "Depression and Coping Are Associated with Failure of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with HIV/AIDS." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 35(11-12): 1181-1188.

Closson, K., A. Palmer, K. Salters, C. Puskas, S. Parashar, L. Tiamiyu, W. Zhang, R. Barrios, A. Kaida and R. S. Hogg (2019). "Lower Optimal Treatment Adherence Among Youth Living With HIV in a Universal Health Care Setting Where ART Is Available at No Cost." Journal of Adolescent Health 64(4): 509-515.

Dagli-Hernandez, C., R. C. Lucchetta, T. R. de Nadai, J. C. Galduróz and P. C. Mastroianni "Self-perception of knowledge and adherence reflecting the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy." (1177-889X (Print)).

Gabster, A. A.-O., E. Socha, J. M. Pascale, G. Cabezas Talavero, A. Castrellón, Y. Quiel, C. Gantes and P. Mayaud "Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral adherence and retention in HIV care among people living with HIV in the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé, Panama." (1932-6203 (Electronic)).

Gumede, S. A.-O., A. M. J. Wensing, S. T. Lalla-Edward, J. B. F. de Wit, W. D. Francois Venter, H. A. Tempelman and L. E. Hermans "Predictors of Treatment Adherence and Virological Failure Among People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a South African Rural Community: A Sub-study of the ITREMA Randomised Clinical Trial." (1573-3254 (Electronic)).

Gutin, S. A., A. Ruark, L. A. Darbes, T. B. Neilands, J. Mkandawire and A. A. Conroy "Supportive couple relationships buffer against the harms of HIV stigma on HIV treatment adherence." (1471-2458 (Electronic)).

Harison, N., A. Waluyo and W. Jumaiyah (2020). "Pemahaman pengobatan antiretroviral dan kendala kepatuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral pasien HIV/AIDS." JHeS (Journal of Health Studies) 4.

Jiao, K., M. Liao, G. Liu, Y. Bi, X. Zhao, Q. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Yan, C. Cheng, Y. Li, W. Jia, L. Wang, Y. Cao, Z. Zhao, X. Yang, J. Meng, J. Li, X. Li, C. Wang, D. Kang and W. Ma "Impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration on ART adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in Jinan of China." (1742-6405 (Electronic)).

Kuhlula, M., N. Emery, B. Joseph, Z. Moleen and N. Peter (2019). "Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment among human immunodeficiency virus infected young adults attending care at Letaba Hospital HIV Clinic, Limpopo Province, South Africa." PAMJ 32(37).

Lahai, M., S. Theobald, H. R. Wurie, S. Lakoh, P. O. Erah, M. Samai and J. Raven (2022). "Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy from the experience of people living with HIV and their healthcare providers in Sierra Leone: a qualitative study." BMC Health Services Research 22(1): 1327.

McBride, K., J. Parent, K. Mmanga, M. Chivwala, M. H. Nyirenda, A. Schooley, J. B. Mwambene, K. Dovel, E. Lungu, K. Balakasi, R. M. Hoffman and C. Moucheraud (2019). "ART Adherence Among Malawian Youth Enrolled in Teen Clubs: A Retrospective Chart Review." AIDS and Behavior 23(9): 2629-2633.

McGlonn, K. L. (2023). HIV Outcome Relationships Among Gender Inequality, Poverty, and Population Growth in Africa D.P.H., Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University.

Mohamud, A. A.-O., O. A. Ahmed, A. A. Mohamud and N. I. Dirie "Magnitude of opportunistic infections and associated factors among adult people living with human immune deficient virus on art at selected public hospital, mogadishu somalia: cross-sectional study." (2049-0801 (Print)).

Mongo-Delis, A., L. A.-O. Mombo, P. Mickala, W. Bouassa, W. S. Bouedy, B. M'Batchi and C. A.-O. Bisseye "Factors associated with adherence to ARV treatment in people living with HIV/AIDS in a rural area (Koula-Moutou) in East Gabon." (1727-9445 (Electronic)).

Moses, M., C. Grace and V. Bellington (2020). "Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected pregnant women in public health sectors: a pilot of Chilenje level one Hospital Lusaka, Zambia." PAMJ 35(49).

Mutchler, M. G., L. M. Bogart, D. J. Klein, G. J. Wagner, I. A. Klinger, K. Tyagi and B. McDavitt (2019). "Age matters: differences in correlates of self-reported HIV antiretroviral treatment adherence between older and younger Black men who have sex with men living with HIV." AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV 31(8): 965-972.

Neupane, S., G. P. Dhungana and H. C. Ghimire (2019). "Adherence to antiretroviral treatment and associated factors among people living with HIV and AIDS in CHITWAN, Nepal." BMC Public Health 19(1).

Neupane, S., G. P. Dhungana and H. C. Ghimire (2019). "Adherence to antiretroviral treatment and associated factors among people living with HIV and AIDS in CHITWAN, Nepal." BMC public health 19(1): 720.

Nichols, J. S., T. C. Kyriakides, S. Antwi, L. Renner, M. Lartey, O. A. Seaneke, R. Obeng, A. C. Catlin, G. Gan, N. R. Reynolds and E. Paintsil "High prevalence of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among undisclosed HIV-infected children in Ghana." (1360-0451 (Electronic)).

Pokhrel, K. N., K. Gaulee Pokhrel, S. R. Neupane and V. D. Sharma (2018). "Harmful alcohol drinking among HIV-positive people in Nepal: an overlooked threat to anti-retroviral therapy adherence and health-related quality of life." Global Health Action 11(1): 1441783.

S, S., H. Kuswiharyanti, V. Raafi, N. Juarti and T. Amaliadiana (2021). "Pengaruh Terapi ARV untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien HIV/AIDS: A Literature Review." Journal of Bionursing 3: 134-145.

Sileo, K. M., R. K. Wanyenze, W. Kizito, E. Reed, S. K. Brodine, H. Chemusto, W. Musoke, B. Mukasa and S. M. Kiene (2019). "Multi-level Determinants of Clinic Attendance and Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Fishermen Living with HIV/AIDS in Communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda." AIDS and Behavior 23(2): 406-417.

Tegegne, A. S., P. Ndlovu and T. Zewotir (2018). "Factors affecting first month adherence due to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, north-western Ethiopia; a prospective study." BMC infectious diseases 18(1): 83.

Tekle, A., A. A.-O. Tsegaye and T. A.-O. Ketema "Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) and Its Determinants Among People Living with HIV/AIDS at Bonga, Kaffa, South-West Ethiopia." (1177-889X (Print)).

UNAIDS. 2023. UNAIDS Data 2023.

van Elsland, S. L., R. P. H. Peters, N. Grobbelaar, P. Ketelo, M. O. Kok, M. F. Cotton and A. M. van Furth (2019). "Paediatric ART Adherence in South Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis." AIDS and Behavior 23(2): 475-488.

Wen, J., T.-P. Yeh, H. Xie, X. Yu, J. Tang and Y. Chen (2021). "Resilience, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, depression and ART adherence among people living with HIV in Sichuan, China." AIDS Care 33(11): 1414-1421.

Web Kemenkes Ditjen P2KP. (2024). Mengenai HIV dan AIDS.

Wowolo, G., W. Cao, D. Bosomtwe, A. Enimil, N. Tarantino, D. H. Barker and O. Galárraga "The Impact of Different Parental Figures of Adolescents Living With HIV: An Evaluation of Family Structures, Perceived HIV Related Stigma, and Opportunities for Social Support." (2296-2565 (Electronic)).

Yona, S. A.-O., C. A.-O. Edison, A. A.-O. Nursasi and R. A.-O. X. Ismail "Self-awareness as the key to successful adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Indonesia: A grounded theory study." (2477-4073 (Electronic)).

Zhang, X., R. F. Oman, T. A. Larson, E. J. Christiansen, M. L. Granner, M. Lu and Y. Yang "Healthcare Utilization, Unmet Service Needs, and Medication Adherence Among People Living with HIV/AIDS." (1873-4251 (Electronic)).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i6.15047

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Publisher: Universitas Malahayati Lampung


Creative Commons License
Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License


kostenlose besucherzähler