Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik Ibu dalam Pemberian Makan Pada Balita Berdasarkan Teori Health Belief Model
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ABSTRACT
Both overweight and obesity are caused by excess nutrient intake. Feeding practices are one of the mother's efforts to prevent obesity in her toddler by controlling the nutritional intake. Obesity during childhood will increase the risk of persistence into adulthood. Obesity has a negative impact on health such as susceptibility to disease and reducing quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with maternal feeding practices in toddlers based on the Health Belief Model Theory. This study is an analytic study with a cross sectional design. The study subjects were 178 mothers who had overweight toddlers and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Feeding practices were measured using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency and other variables using a structured questionnaire. The results of the analysis using Chi-Square showed that there was an association between perceived susceptibility (p value = 0.020), perceived benefit (p value = 0.024), self-efficacy (p value = 0.018) and cues to action (p value = 0.014). Meanwhile, perceived severity beliefs, and perceived barrier beliefs were not significantly associated with maternal practices in feeding toddlers. The results of multivariate testing using logistic regression showed that perceived susceptibility was the variable that had the strongest effect on the practice of feeding toddlers with OR = 4.067. It can be concluded that mothers who have low susceptibility beliefs have a 4-fold risk opportunity to carry out feeding practices that risk obesity compared to mothers who have high susceptibility beliefs.
Keywords: Childhood Obesity, Feeding Practices, Toddlers, Health Belief Model
ABSTRAK
Status gizi lebih baik itu overweight maupun obesitas disebabkan oleh kelebihan asupan nutrisi. Praktik pemberian makan merupakan salah satu upaya ibu untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas pada anaknya dengan mengatur agar angka kecukupan gizinya sesuai. Obesitas saat usia anak akan cenderung berisiko menetap sampai usia dewasa. Obesitas memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan seperti rentan terkena penyakit dan penurunan kualitas hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik ibu dalam pemberian makan pada balita berdasarkan Teori Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 178 ibu yang memiliki balita overweight dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Praktik pemberian makan diukur dengan menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency dan variabel lainnya menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil analisis menggunakan Chi-Square ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara keyakinan kerentanan (perceived susceptibility) (p value= 0,020), keyakinan manfaat (perceived benefit) (p value= 0,024), keyakinan kemampuan diri (self efficacy) (p value= 0,018) dan isyarat bertindak (cues to action) (p value= 0,014). Sedangkan, keyakinan keparahan (perceived severity) , dan keyakinan hambatan (perceived barrier) tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan praktik ibu dalam pemberian makan pada balita. Hasil dari pengujian multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa keyakinan kerentanan (perceived susceptibility) adalah variable yang berpengaruh paling kuat terhadap praktik pemberian makan balita dengan OR= 4,067. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki keyakinan kerentanan rendah memiliki peluang risiko 4 kali lipat untuk melakukan praktik pemberian makan yang berisiko obesitas dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki keyakinan kerentanan tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Obesitas Anak, Praktik Pemberian Makan, Balita, Health Belief Model
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i12.16211
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