Pemanfaatan Electroencephakography (EEG) dalam Evaluasi Asfiksia Neonatal: Literatur Revieuw

Veryal Veryal, Melyana Nurul Widyawati, Kurnianingsih Kurnianingsih

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ABSTRACT

 

Neonatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of death and neurological disorders in newborns. About 1 million babies die each year due to complications related to asphyxia. Decreased oxygen supply to tissues and brain can cause damage to the brain or even death if not treated appropriately. A rapid and accurate assessment of the severity of neonatal asphyxia is essential to determine effective interventions. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the diagnostic tools that can be used to assess the brain activity of newborns, especially in detecting injuries due to hypoxia-ischemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recent literature on the use of electrocardiograms to identify and measure the intensity of neonatal asphyxia This study uses a systematic method of literature review by searching for articles in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases in the period 2020-2025. The results of the analysis showed that electrocardiogram (EEG) could detect significant changes in brain wave patterns in asphyxia patients, such as decreased brain activity, cessation of bursts, and the onset of pathological waves. In addition, EEG has been shown to predict long-term neurological complications, especially in newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Continuous EEG monitoring can also be helpful in determining therapy responses and developing treatment plans. EEG is an effective and non-invasive tool in the evaluation of asphyxia, both for early diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of the patient's condition. The utilization of EEG can improve the accuracy of prognosis and aid in clinical decision-making. However, more research is needed to create an optimal EEG use protocol for asphyxia cases.

 

Keywords: Elecreoencephalography (EEG), Asphyxia, Brain Activity

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Asfiksia neonatal merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian dan gangguan neurologis pada bayi baru lahir. Sekitar 1 juta bayi setiap tahun meninggal akibat komplikasi terkait asfiksia. Penurunan pasokan oksigen ke jaringan dan otak dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada otak atau bisa saja mengalami kematian jika tidak diatasi dengan tepat. Penilaian cepat dan akurat terhadap tingkat keparahan asfiksia neonatal sangat penting untuk menentukan intervensi yang efektif. Electroencephalography (EEG) adalah salah satu alat diagnostik yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai aktivitas otak bayi baru lahir, terutama dalam mendeteksi cedera akibat hipoksia-iskemia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi literatur terbaru tentang penggunaan elektrokardiogram untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur intensitas asfiksia neonatal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sistematis literatur reviuew dengan pencarian artikel di database PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect pada periode 2020-2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa elektrokardiogram (EEG) dapat mendeteksi perubahan pola gelombang otak yang signifikan pada pasien asfiksia, seperti penurunan aktivitas otak, penghentian burst, dan timbulnya gelombang patologis. Selain itu, EEG telah terbukti dapat memprediksi komplikasi neurologis jangka panjang, terutama pada bayi baru lahir yang mengalami asfiksia perinatal. Pemantauan EEG terus menerus juga dapat membantu dalam menentukan respons terapi dan menyusun rencana perawatan. EEG merupakan alat yang efektif dan non-invasif dalam evaluasi asfiksia, baik untuk diagnosis awal maupun pemantauan perkembangan kondisi pasien. Pemanfaatan EEG dapat meningkatkan akurasi prognosis dan membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk membuat protokol penggunaan EEG yang optimal untuk kasus asfiksia.

 

Kata Kunci: Elecreoencephalography (EEG), Asfiksia, Aktivitas Otak


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v5i11.19608

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