Update Management and Prognosis Vaginismus: a Systematic Review

Achisna Rahmatika

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Vaginismus causes recurrent spasms of the external vaginal muscles. This condition causes pain and the inability to perform various forms of vaginal penetration, such as gynecological examinations and sexual intercourse. Published articles address the efficacy of interventions for treating vaginismus in women. This systematic observational study used a systematic search strategy through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases to identify articles discussing interventional therapies for patients with vaginismus. Seven articles met the criteria. Various interventions were administered, including education, self-administered vaginal dilation exercises, group psychotherapy, Botulinum toxin injections, and combined therapy. Significant results were obtained after the interventions were administered to patients. Sexual education, self-administered vaginal dilation exercises, group psychotherapy, Botulinum toxin injections, and combined therapy were all effective for managing vaginismus. The classification of vaginismus should also be considered, as higher classifications can lead to longer treatment times and decreased efficacy. Recurrence rates were not observed after intervention.

 

Keywords: Vaginismus, Treatment, Therapy, Prognosis.

 

ABSTRAK

 

Vaginismus menyebabkan otot luar vagina menjadi kejang dan bersifat berulang. Kondisi ini menyebabkan rasa sakit dan ketidakmampuan untuk melakukan berbagai bentuk penetrasi vagina seperti pemeriksaan ginekologi dan hubungan seksual. Artikel yang telah dipublikasikan tentang kemanjuran intervensi untuk mengobati vaginismus pada wanita.  Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis menggunakan strategi pencarian sistematis melalui database PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ProQuest untuk mengidentifikasi artikel yang membahas terapi intervensi pada pasien dengan vaginismus.  Didapatkan sebanyak tujuh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Berbagai intervensi berbeda dilakukan, termasuk edukasi, latihan dilatasi vagina mandiri, terapi psikoterapi kelompok, terapi injeksi Botulinum toxin, dan terapi gabungan. Didapatkan hasil yang signifikan setelah dilakukan intervensi pada pasien. Intervensi edukasi seksual, latihan dilatasi vagina mandiri, terapi psikoterapi kelompok, terapi injeksi Botulinum toxin, dan terapi gabungan efektif sebagai manajemen vaginismus. Klasifikasi vaginismus juga perlu dipertimbangkan karena semakin tinggi klasifikasi, semakin lama terapi yang mungkin diberikan serta dapat menurunkan keberhasilan terapi. Kekambuhan tidak didapatkan lagi setelah dilakukannay intervensi.

 

Kata Kunci: Vaginismus, Management, Therapy, Prognosis.


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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i5.20023

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