Panduan Penulisan
Mengeksplorasi Hambatan dan Fasilitator dalam Pelaporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien
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ABSTRACT
Patient safety is a key element in healthcare services, yet incident reporting in Indonesia lags behind that of developed countries. Major barriers include a blame culture, fear of sanctions, heavy workload, and the complexity of reporting systems. Addressing these challenges is crucial to enhancing transparency and accountability in healthcare services. This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators in patient safety incident reporting in hospitals and provide evidence-based recommendations for improvement. This literature review employs thematic analysis of articles retrieved from five major scientific databases. Articles were selected based on their relevance to patient safety incident reporting and evaluated using a critical appraisal framework. Key barriers identified include a blame culture, fear of sanctions, high workload, and complex reporting systems. Conversely, organizational support, intensive training, anonymous reporting systems, and a strong safety culture were found to enhance healthcare staff engagement in reporting. Additionally, technology-based reporting systems were shown to simplify processes and improve reporting efficiency. This study highlights strategies to strengthen patient safety culture and improve reporting systems, including non-punitive policies, interprofessional training, and the implementation of technology. These findings contribute to the development of more inclusive and effective patient safety policies.
Keywords: Incident Patient Safety Report, Barrier, Fasilitator, Hospital.
ABSTRAK
Keselamatan pasien adalah elemen kunci dalam pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di Indonesia masih tertinggal dibandingkan negara maju. Hambatan utama meliputi budaya menyalahkan, ketakutan akan sanksi, beban kerja tinggi, dan kompleksitas sistem pelaporan. Mengatasi tantangan ini sangat penting untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan dan fasilitator dalam pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit serta memberikan rekomendasi berbasis bukti untuk perbaikannya. Kajian literatur ini menggunakan analisis tematik terhadap artikel dari lima basis data ilmiah utama. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan relevansi dengan pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien dan dievaluasi menggunakan kerangka penilaian kritis. Hambatan utama yang ditemukan adalah budaya menyalahkan, ketakutan akan sanksi, beban kerja tinggi, dan sistem pelaporan yang kompleks. Sebaliknya, faktor pendukung seperti dukungan organisasi, pelatihan intensif, sistem pelaporan anonim, dan budaya keselamatan yang kuat meningkatkan keterlibatan tenaga kesehatan. Sistem pelaporan berbasis teknologi juga terbukti menyederhanakan proses dan meningkatkan efisiensi pelaporan. Studi ini menyoroti strategi untuk memperkuat budaya keselamatan pasien dan meningkatkan sistem pelaporan, termasuk kebijakan non-penghukuman, pelatihan interprofesional, dan implementasi teknologi. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kebijakan keselamatan pasien yang lebih inklusif dan efektif.
Kata Kunci: Pelaporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien, Hambatan, Fasilitator, Rumah Sakit.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i1.20027
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