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Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keterlambatan Kedatangan Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner: Sebuah Scoping Review
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ABSTRAK
Keterlambatan kedatangan pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) ke rumah sakit menjadi masalah utama dalam penanganan medis yang tepat waktu. Keterlambatan ini dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan jantung permanen, tingginya angka kematian, dan morbiditas jangka panjang. Namun, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan keterlambatan ini sering kali kompleks dan berkaitan dengan berbagai aspek seperti sosial demografis, akses ke layanan kesehatan, dan perilaku kesehatan pasien. Untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien penyakit jantung koroner. Penelitian ini menggunakan scoping review berdasarkan kerangka Arksey dan O’Malley serta panduan PRISMA-ScR. pencarian artikel yang dilakukan di tiga database yaitu CINAHL, PubMed, Scopusdan search engine google scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi "factors", "delay", "coronary heart disease", "myocardial infarction", dan "pre-hospital delay". Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris atau bahasa indonesia antara tahun 2015-2025 dan membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan kedatangan pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner. Pertanyaan penelitian utama adalah; Apa saja faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner?. Terdapat 12 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan membahas faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner. Temanya meliputi sosial demografis, gejala klinis, akses ke layanan kesehatan, perilaku kesehatan, dan faktor budaya. Faktor-faktor utama yang ditemukan meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, akses transportasi, serta kesadaran gejala penyakit jantung. Faktor-faktor ini berhubungan dengan kurangnya pemahaman tentang gejala atau peran gender dalam pengambilan keputusan medis, serta keterbatasan akses ke layanan medis yang memadai, terutama di daerah pedesaan. Keterlambatan kedatangan pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling terkait. Untuk mengurangi keterlambatan, diperlukan pendidikan masyarakat tentang gejala penyakit jantung, serta peningkatan akses ke layanan kesehatan dan perbaikan sistem transportasi medis.
Kata Kunci: Faktor, Keterlambatan Kedatangan, Penyakit Jantung Coroner.
ABSTRACT
Delayed hospitalization of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major obstacle to timely medical care. This delay can result in permanent heart damage, high mortality, and long-term morbidity. However, the factors causing this delay are often complex and related to various aspects such as sociodemographics, access to healthcare, and patient health behaviors. To explore factors associated with delayed hospitalization for patients with coronary heart disease, this study used a scoping review based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles were searched in three databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and the Google Scholar search engine. Keywords used included "factors," "delay," "coronary heart disease," "myocardial infarction," and "prehospital delay." Inclusion criteria included articles published in English or Indonesian between 2015 and 2025 that discussed factors influencing delayed hospitalization for patients with coronary heart disease. The primary research question was: What are the factors associated with late arrival of patients with coronary heart disease?. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and discussed factors associated with delayed arrivals for patients with coronary heart disease. The topics covered sociodemographics, clinical symptoms, access to healthcare, health behaviors, and cultural factors. Key factors identified included gender, age, education level, socioeconomic status, access to transportation, and awareness of heart disease symptoms. These factors are associated with a lack of understanding of symptoms or the role of gender in medical decision-making, as well as limited access to adequate medical services, particularly in rural areas. Delayed arrivals for patients with coronary heart disease are influenced by various interrelated factors. To reduce delays, public education about heart disease symptoms, increased access to healthcare, and improvements to medical transportation systems are needed.
Keywords: Factors, Delayed Arrivals, Coronary Heart Disease.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i3.21140
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