Analisa Karakteristik Lingkungan Larva Anopheles Sp dan Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Status Potensi Malaria di Masyarakat Suco Batugade, Timor Leste

Manuel Belo Sarmento, Apris A. Adu, Yendris K. Syamruth, Pius Weraman, Marylin Susanti Junias

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ABSTRACT

 

This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental factors (temperature, humidity, pH, and water salinity) and community behavioral factors (knowledge, attitude, and practice) with the malaria potential status in Suco Batugade, Bobonaro District, Timor Leste. This research is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from 265 respondents through environmental observations and structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate (chi-square test) methods. The results showed that most environmental conditions were within the normal category: temperature (75.8%), pH (75.5%), humidity (73.6%), and water salinity (75.5%). Most community members also had good levels of knowledge (72.8%), attitude (72.1%), and practice (75.1%) toward malaria prevention. Bivariate analysis results indicated that all variables had a significant relationship with Anopheles larval density (p-value < 0.05). The study concludes that environmental factors and community behavior are significantly associated with malaria potential status, as reflected by Anopheles larval density in Suco Batugade. Malaria control efforts should focus on enhancing public awareness and actions related to environmental sanitation and the management of aquatic habitats that may serve as breeding sites for malaria vector mosquitoes.

 

Keywords: Malaria, Anopheles Sp., Environmental Characteristics, Community Behavior, Batugade, Timor Leste.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan (suhu, kelembapan, pH, dan salinitas air) serta faktor perilaku masyarakat (pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan) dengan status potensi malaria di Suco Batugade, Kabupaten Bobonaro, Timor Leste. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Data dikumpulkan dari 265 responden menggunakan observasi lingkungan dan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat (uji chi-square). Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kondisi lingkungan berada pada kategori normal: suhu (75,8%), pH (75,5%), kelembapan (73,6%), dan salinitas air (75,5%). Sebagian besar masyarakat juga memiliki tingkat pengetahuan (72,8%), sikap (72,1%), dan tindakan (75,1%) yang baik terhadap pencegahan malaria. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kepadatan jentik Anopheles sp. (p-value < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan status potensi malaria yang di gambarkan oleh kepadatan jentik Anopheles sp. di wilayah Suco Batugade. Upaya pengendalian malaria perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan kesadaran dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap sanitasi lingkungan serta pengelolaan habitat perairan yang berpotensi sebagai tempat berkembangbiaknya nyamuk vektor malaria.

 

Kata Kunci: Malaria, Anopheles Sp., Karakteristik Lingkungan, Perilaku Masyarakat, Batugade, Timor Leste.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i6.23254

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