Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceium L.) terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hdl pada Tikus Obesitas

Liya Aliyah Nuraini, Lisdiana Aliyah Lisdiana

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Obesity is one of the major factors contributing to dyslipidemia, including a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which plays an essential role in reverse cholesterol transport. Rambutan peel extract (Nephelium lappaceium L.) contains various bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, ellagitannins, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are known to improve lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rambutan peel extract on increasing HDL levels in obese rats and to compare its efficacy with ellagic acid, a commercial single active compound. A total of 25 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control (K−), obese control (K+), ellagic acid group (KP1), and rambutan peel extract groups at doses of 15 mg/kgBW (KP2) and 30 mg/kgBW (KP3). Obesity was induced using a high-fat–sucrose diet for 7 weeks. Treatments were administered orally for 30 days. HDL levels were measured using an enzymatic method, and data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that KP2 (15 mg/kgBW) exhibited the highest increase in HDL levels (49.8 ± 14.92 mg/dL), approaching normal values. The KP1 group receiving ellagic acid also showed improvement, although lower than the extract. Conversely, KP3 (30 mg/kgBW) demonstrated a decrease in HDL levels to 28.8 ± 2.49 mg/dL. This study concludes that rambutan peel extract has strong potential as a natural hypolipidemic agent capable of increasing HDL levels in obese rats, with the optimal dose being 15 mg/kgBW. The non-linear dose response suggests that the balance of bioactive components within the extract plays a crucial role in determining its effectiveness.

 

Keywords: Rambutan Peel Extract, HDL Cholesterol, Obesity.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang memicu terjadinya dislipidemia, termasuk penurunan kadar high-density lipoprotein (HDL) yang berperan penting dalam mekanisme transport kolesterol balik. Ekstrak kulit rambutan (Nephelium lappaceium L.) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif seperti polifenol, ellagitannin, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang berpotensi memperbaiki metabolisme lipid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kulit rambutan terhadap peningkatan kadar HDL pada tikus obesitas serta membandingkannya dengan pemberian ellagic acid (obat pasaran) sebagai senyawa aktif tunggal. Penelitian menggunakan 25 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kontrol normal (K−), kontrol obesitas (K+), kelompok ellagic acid (KP1), serta kelompok ekstrak kulit rambutan dosis 15 mg/kgBB (KP2) dan 30 mg/kgBB (KP3). Obesitas diinduksi dengan diet tinggi lemak–sukrosa selama 7 minggu. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 30 hari. Pemeriksaan kadar HDL dilakukan menggunakan metode enzimatis, dan data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal–Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok KP2 (15 mg/kgBB) mengalami peningkatan HDL paling tinggi (49,8 ± 14,92 mg/dL), mendekati kondisi normal. Kelompok KP1 yang diberikan ellagic acid juga menunjukkan peningkatan, namun lebih rendah dibandingkan ekstrak. Sebaliknya, KP3 (30 mg/kgBB) mengalami penurunan HDL hingga 28,8 ± 2,49 mg/dL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit rambutan memiliki potensi sebagai agen hipolipidemik alami yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar HDL pada tikus obesitas, dengan dosis optimal 15 mg/kgBB. Respons dosis yang tidak linear menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan komponen bioaktif dalam ekstrak memengaruhi efektivitasnya.

 

Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan, HDL, Obesitas.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i7.23688

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