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Evaluasi Determinan Gangguan Psikologis pada Karyawan dan Tenaga Kesehatan: Studi di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak di Jakarta
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ABSTRACT
Healthcare workers in maternal–neonatal facilities face high workloads, emotional strain, and complex clinical demands. These conditions place them at increased risk of psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Work-related factors, including task intensity and emotional demands, are often major triggers of mental distress. Work stress and burnout are two key factors frequently associated with decreased psychological well-being among healthcare workers. This study aims to identify the determinants of psychological disorders among employees and healthcare workers in a Mother and Child Hospital in Jakarta by assessing the influence of age, work stress, and burnout on mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 53 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring work stress, burnout, and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Correlation analysis and Partial Least Squares modelling were conducted to evaluate direct and indirect relationships among the study variables. Work stress demonstrated strong correlations with psychological disorders, including quantitative overload (r = 0.66), qualitative overload (r = 0.70), role conflict (r = 0.64), and role ambiguity (r = 0.63). Burnout showed significant associations through emotional exhaustion (r = 0.70) and depersonalization (r = 0.51). The SEM-PLS model indicated that work stress had a substantial direct effect on psychological disorders (β = 0.517) and an indirect effect through burnout (β = 0.240). Conversely, age showed no meaningful correlation with stress (r = –0.13), anxiety (r = –0.12), or depression (r = –0.13). Situational job-related factors exert a greater influence on psychological disorders than demographic characteristics. Organizational interventions focusing on workload management, emotional support, mental health monitoring, and burnout prevention programs are essential to improve healthcare workers’ well-being.
Keywords: Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, Healthcare workers, Work stress.
ABSTRAK
Tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas maternal–neonatal menghadapi beban kerja tinggi, tekanan emosional, dan tuntutan klinis yang kompleks. Kondisi tersebut menjadikan mereka rentan mengalami gangguan psikologis seperti stres, ansietas, dan depresi. Faktor-faktor pekerjaan, termasuk intensitas tugas dan tuntutan emosional, sering menjadi pemicu utamanya. Stres kerja dan burnout merupakan dua faktor yang banyak dikaitkan dengan penurunan kesejahteraan psikologis tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan gangguan psikologis pada karyawan dan tenaga kesehatan di sebuah Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak di Jakarta, dengan menilai pengaruh usia, stres kerja, dan burnout terhadap kondisi mental. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan melibatkan 53 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang menilai stres kerja, burnout, serta gejala stres, ansietas, dan depresi. Analisis korelasi dan pemodelan Partial Least Squaresdigunakan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung antarvariabel penelitian. Stres kerja menunjukkan korelasi kuat dengan gangguan psikologis, yaitu beban berlebih kuantitatif (r = 0,66), beban berlebih kualitatif (r = 0,70), konflik peran (r = 0,64), dan ketaksaan peran (r = 0,63). Burnout menggambarkan hubungan signifikan melalui kelelahan emosional (r = 0,70) dan depersonalisasi (r = 0,51). Model SEM-PLS menunjukkan bahwa stres kerja memiliki pengaruh langsung yang besar terhadap gangguan psikologis (β = 0,517) dan efek tidak langsung melalui burnout (β = 0,240). Sebaliknya, usia tidak menunjukkan korelasi berarti dengan stres (r = –0,13), ansietas (r = –0,12), maupun depresi (r = –0,13). Faktor pekerjaan yang bersifat situasional lebih berpengaruh terhadap gangguan psikologis dibandingkan faktor demografis. Intervensi organisasi melalui perbaikan sistem kerja, dukungan emosional, pemantauan kesehatan mental, serta program pencegahan burnout diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kesehatan.
Kata Kunci: Ansietas, Burnout, Depresi, Stres Kerja, Tenaga Kesehatan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i7.23789
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