Panduan Penulisan
Tinjauan Literatur tentang Faktor Penghambat dan Pendorong Imunisasi di Daerah yang Sulit Dijangkau
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ABSTRACT
Immunization coverage in rural and remote areas remains low due to geographical barriers, limited health resources, and socio-behavioral challenges. This review aims to identify key barriers and facilitators of immunization in hard-to-reach settings by synthesizing literature published between 2020 and 2025 retrieved from Scopus and PubMed. From 853 identified articles, nine met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through narrative synthesis. Findings indicate that difficult geographic access, insufficient health infrastructure and workforce, low socioeconomic conditions, limited health literacy, and distrust toward vaccines constitute major barriers. In contrast, outreach and mobile services, strong community and family support, integration with maternal and child health services, effective health communication, and the use of mHealth technologies serve as important facilitators. This review concludes that improving immunization in remote areas requires comprehensive strategies that enhance service accessibility, strengthen the health workforce, build community trust, and adopt innovative, community-based approaches to achieve equitable and sustainable immunization coverage.
Keywords: Immunization, Remote Areas, Health Access, Coverage.
ABSTRAK
Cakupan imunisasi di wilayah rural dan terpencil masih rendah karena hambatan geografis, keterbatasan sarana dan tenaga kesehatan, serta faktor sosial-ekonomi dan perilaku masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat dan pendorong imunisasi di daerah sulit dijangkau melalui literature review terhadap publikasi tahun 2020–2025 yang ditelusuri pada Scopus dan PubMed. Dari 853 artikel yang ditemukan, proses seleksi ketat menghasilkan 9 artikel yang dianalisis menggunakan sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jarak dan akses sulit, terbatasnya infrastruktur dan tenaga kesehatan, rendahnya literasi dan kepercayaan terhadap vaksin, serta kondisi sosial-ekonomi menjadi hambatan utama. Sebaliknya, layanan outreach dan mobile, dukungan komunitas dan keluarga, integrasi imunisasi dengan layanan ibu–anak, komunikasi kesehatan yang efektif, serta pemanfaatan teknologi seperti mHealth terbukti menjadi faktor pendorong penting. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan imunisasi di daerah terpencil memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif yang menggabungkan perbaikan akses layanan, penguatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, peningkatan kepercayaan masyarakat, dan inovasi layanan berbasis komunitas agar pemerataan imunisasi dapat tercapai secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Imunisasi, Daerah Terpencil, Akses Kesehatan, Cakupan Imunisasi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i7.23912
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