Panduan Penulisan
Diskrepansi Golongan Darah Abo Pada Leukemia
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ABSTRACT
The ABO blood group system plays a crucial role in transfusion safety. In patients with hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, ABO blood group discrepancies may occur due to reduced or absent expression of antigens or antibodies, potentially leading to errors in blood group determination. This study aimed to describe the pattern of ABO blood group discrepancies among leukemia patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 210 leukemia patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. ABO blood grouping was performed using the gel card method. Data were analyzed descriptively. ABO blood group discrepancies were identified in 13 of 210 patients. Discrepancies were observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6 cases; 46.2%), followed by acute myeloid leukemia (4 cases; 30.8%), chronic myeloid leukemia (2 cases; 15.4%), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1 case; 7.7%). Of the 10 cases classified as type I discrepancy (weak or loss of antibody reactions), occurred in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (60%), while the remaining cases were observed in acute myeloid leukemia (20%), chronic myeloid leukemia (10%), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (10%). Type II discrepancy (weak or loss of antigen reactions) was found exclusively in acute myeloid leukemia (66.7%) and chronic myeloid leukemia (33.3%). No type III or type IV discrepancies were identified, and no extra antigen/antibody or mixed-field reactions were observed. Type I ABO blood group discrepancy was observed across all leukemia subtypes, whereas type II discrepancy was limited to acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. These findings highlight the importance of careful serological interpretation in blood group determination and transfusion practices for leukemia patients.
Keywords: Leukemia, ABO Blood Group, ABO Discrepancy.
ABSTRAK
Sistem golongan darah ABO berperan penting dalam keamanan transfusi darah. Pada pasien keganasan hematologi seperti leukemia, dapat terjadi diskrepansi golongan darah ABO akibat penurunan atau hilangnya antigen maupun antibody yang berpotensi menimbulkan kesalahan penetapan golongan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran diskrepansi golongan darah ABO pada pasien leukemia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif potong lintang yang melibatkan 210 pasien leukemia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pemeriksaan golongan darah ABO dilakukan menggunakan metode gel card. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari 210 pasien leukemia, ditemukan 13 kasus diskrepansi golongan darah ABO. Diskrepansi terjadi pada leukemia limfoblastik akut sebanyak 6 kasus (46,2%), diikuti leukemia mieloid akut 4 kasus (30,8%), leukemia mieloid kronik 2 kasus (15,4%), dan leukemia limfositik kronik 1 kasus (7,7%). Dari total 10 kasus diskrepansi tipe I (pola reaksi aglutinasi weak/loss antibody), sebagian besar terjadi pada leukemia limfoblastik akut (60%), sedangkan sisanya pada leukemia mieloid akut (20%), leukemia mieloid kronik (10%), dan leukemia limfositik kronik (10%). Diskrepansi tipe II (pola reaksi aglutinasi weak/loss antigen) ditemukan pada leukemia mieloid akut (66,7%) dan leukemia mieloid kronik (33,3%). Tidak ditemukan diskrepansi tipe III maupun IV, serta tidak dijumpai pola reaksi aglutinasi extra antigen/antibodymaupun mixed field. Diskrepansi golongan darah ABO tipe I ditemukan pada seluruh tipe leukemia, sedangkan diskrepansi tipe II hanya ditemukan pada leukemia mieloid akut dan leukemia mieloid kronik. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya interpretasi serologis yang cermat dalam penentuan golongan darah dan praktik transfusi pada pasien leukemia.
Kata Kunci: Leukemia, Golongan Darah ABO, Diskrepansi ABO.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i8.24320
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