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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs) pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Kardiovaskular
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ABSTRACT
Drug-related problems (DRPs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global clinical challenge, contributing to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and worsen the quality of life. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors significantly influence the risk of DRPs, especially among patients requiring long-term pharmacotherapy. This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with the occurrence of DRPs among patients with cardiovascular diseases across different countries and to map the predominant risk patterns. Systematic review were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for penelitianes published between January 2015 and June 2025. 21 eligible penelitianes were included. DRPs were found to be a widespread issue with varying prevalence across regions. Key contributing factors included polypharmacy, comorbidities, advanced age, and the number of prescribed medications. In developing countries, non-adherence, educational level, and lack of medication understanding were more prominent, whereas in developed countries clinical vulnerability factors such as frailty, renal impairment, and cognitive decline were major contributors. Polypharmacy, comorbidities, and older age consistently emerged as the primary predictors of DRPs. Multidisciplinary interventions—including deprescribing, adherence monitoring, and strengthening the clinical pharmacist’s role—are essential to reduce DRPs in cardiovascular patients.
Keywords: Drps, Polypharmacy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Comorbidities.
ABSTRAK
Drug-related problems (DRPs) pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan masalah klinis global yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan efektivitas terapi dan memperburuk kualitas hidup pasien. Variasi kondisi sosiodemografis, klinis, dan pengobatan menyebabkan tingginya insidensi DRPs, terutama terhadap populasi dengan kebutuhan terapi jangka panjang. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada kejadian DRPs pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular di berbagai negara dan untuk memetakan pola faktor risiko yang dominan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk publikasi antara Januari 2015–Juni 2025. Total 21 penelitian diikutsertakan. DRPs ditemukan sebagai isu global dengan variasi prevalensi antar negara. Faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap DRPs meliputi polifarmasi, komorbiditas, usia lanjut, dan jumlah obat. Pada negara berkembang, faktor kepatuhan, tingkat pendidikan, serta kurangnya pemahaman pasien lebih dominan. Sementara pada negara maju faktor klinis seperti frailty, gangguan fungsi ginjal, dan penurunan kognitif lebih menonjol. Polifarmasi, komorbiditas, dan usia lanjut merupakan prediktor DRPs yang paling konsisten. Intervensi multidisiplin seperti deprescribing, pemantauan kepatuhan, dan peningkatan peran apoteker klinis diperlukan untuk menurunkan kejadian DRPs pada pasien penyakit kardiovaskular.
Kata Kunci: Drps, Polifarmasi, Penyakit Kardiovaskular, Komorbiditas.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i3.24501
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