Motivasi dan Dukungan Keluarga sebagai Determinan Utama Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien TB-HIV
Sari
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major global health threat with high morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia, where hundreds of thousands of cases and TB-HIV coinfections continue to occur. The complexity of therapy, social stigma, and psychological factors worsen poor treatment adherence, highlighting the need for interventions based on knowledge, motivation, and social support. This study aimed to identify factors influencing medication adherence among TB-HIV patients. This study employed a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 16 TB-HIV patients at Pasar Rebo General Hospital from November to December 2025. Research instruments included a modified MMAS-8 and questionnaires based on motivational theory and social support. The results showed that most respondents were male, aged 40–50 years, had a senior high school education, good knowledge (62.5%), high motivation (56.3%), and strong family support (62.5%). Medication adherence was generally moderate to high (93.7%), although 6.3% of respondents remained non-adherent. Bivariate analysis revealed strong and significant positive correlations between knowledge (ρ=0.740; p=0.001), motivation (ρ=0.817; p=0.000), and family support (ρ=0.707; p=0.002) with medication adherence. Motivation was the most dominant factor influencing medication adherence among TB-HIV patients. Therefore, healthcare providers are encouraged to integrate family-based approaches and continuous education, families are expected to provide active support, and policymakers should strengthen community-based interventions to reduce stigma and improve TB-HIV treatment success.
Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, TB-HIV Coinfection, Medication Adherence, Motivation, Family Support.
ABSTRAK
Tuberkulosis paru masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan global utama dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia, di mana ratusan ribu kasus serta koinfeksi TB-HIV terus terjadi. Kompleksitas terapi, stigma sosial, dan faktor psikologis memperburuk rendahnya kepatuhan pengobatan, sehingga menegaskan perlunya intervensi berbasis pengetahuan, motivasi, dan dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TB-HIV. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, melibatkan 16 pasien TB-HIV di RSUD Pasar Rebo pada bulan November hingga Desember 2025. Instrumen penelitian meliputi MMAS-8 yang dimodifikasi serta kuesioner berdasarkan teori motivasi dan dukungan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia 40–50 tahun, berpendidikan SMA, memiliki pengetahuan baik (62,5%), motivasi tinggi (56,3%), dan dukungan keluarga kuat (62,5%). Tingkat kepatuhan minum obat umumnya sedang hingga tinggi (93,7%), meskipun masih terdapat 6,3% responden yang tidak patuh. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan positif yang kuat dan signifikan antara pengetahuan (ρ=0,740; p=0,001), motivasi (ρ=0,817; p=0,000), dan dukungan keluarga (ρ=0,707; p=0,002) dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Motivasi merupakan faktor paling dominan yang memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TB-HIV. Oleh karena itu, tenaga kesehatan disarankan mengintegrasikan pendekatan berbasis keluarga dan edukasi berkelanjutan, keluarga diharapkan memberikan dukungan aktif, serta pembuat kebijakan perlu memperkuat intervensi berbasis komunitas untuk mengurangi stigma dan meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan TB-HIV.
Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis Paru, Koinfeksi TB-HIV, Kepatuhan Minum Obat, Motivasi, Dukungan Keluarga.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i9.24630
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