Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan, Pengetahuan, dan Sikap Dengan Stigma Diri Pada Pasien TB Paru Sensitif Obat di RSUD Kota Mataram

Sofiatuddinia Sofiatuddinia, Risky Irawan Putra Priono, Wendy Handayani, Alfian Muhajir

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Indonesia ranks second globally in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases. TB patients experience not only physical impacts but also social problems in the form of self-stigma. Self-stigma is the process of internalizing stigma from the surrounding environment, which can lead to psychological stress, reduced social functioning, and low adherence to medication. Factors such as educational level, knowledge, and attitudes are thought to play a role in the development of self-stigma among TB patients. This study aimed To determine the relationship between educational level, knowledge, attitudes, and self-stigma among drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Mataram City Regional General Hospital 2025. This study employed a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, with a total of 78 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank dan Chi-square test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that most respondents had low levels of self-stigma 69 (88,5%), basic educational attainment 29 (37,2%), sufficient knowledge 58 (74,4%), and positive attitudes 68 (87,2%). Bivariate analysis There was no significant relationship between attitudes and self-stigma (p=0,324). In contrast, educational level (p=0,017) and knowledge (p=0,000) showed significant relationships with self-stigma. Educational level and knowledge have a significant relationship with selfstigma among drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, whereas attitudes do not show a significant relationship.

 

Keywords: Educational Level, Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Stigma, Tuberculosis, Drugsensitive.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus tuberkulosis (TB) tertinggi kedua di dunia. Pasien TB tidak hanya mengalami dampak fisik, tetapi juga masalah sosial berupa stigma diri. Stigma diri adalah proses internalisasi stigma dari lingkungan sekitar yang dapat menyebabkan stres psikologis, penurunan fungsi sosial, serta rendahnya kepatuhan minum obat. Faktor tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan sikap diduga berperan dalam terbentuknya stigma diri pada pasien TB. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap dan stigma diri pada pasien TB paru SO di RSUD Kota Mataram. Metode penelitian ini kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 78 responden. Data dianalisis dengan uji spearman rank dan Chi-square. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan sebgaian besar responden tingkat pendidikan dasar 29 (37,2%), pengetahuan cukup 58 (74,4%), Sikap positif 68 (87,2%), stigma diri rendah 69 (88,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sikap dengan stigma diri (p=0,324). Sebaliknya, tingkat pendidikan (p=0,017), dan pengetahuan (p=0,000) menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan stigma diri. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan stigma diri pasien TB Paru SO, sedangkan sikap tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.

 

Kata Kunci: Tingkap Pendidikan, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Stigma diri, Tuberkulosis, Sensitif obat.


Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Alselwi, K. A. (2024). Understanding Tuberculosis-Related Stigma : Impacts On Patients , Contacts , And Society – A Mixed Study. Indian Journal Of Medical Sciences Original, 76(2), 67–71. Https://Ijmsweb.Com/Understanding-Tuberculosis-Related-Stigma-Impacts-On-Patients-Contacts-And-Society-A-Mixed-Study/

Alzayer, Z., & Al Nasser, Y. (2021). Primary Lung Tuberculosis. Statpearls, 1–11. Http://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/33620814

Baskaran, L., Vasudevan, K., & Anandaraj. (2023). Prevalence Of Stigma Among Tb Patients And Its Associated Factors-A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study In Puducherry, India. National Journal Of Community Medicine, 14(6), 379–385. Https://Doi.Org/10.55489/Njcm.140620233011

Bruce, G. L., & Jo C. Phelan. (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review Of Sociology, 27(Lewis 1998), 363–385.

Cahyani, F., & Dewi, A. (2025). Stigma Among Tuberculosis Patients: A Bibliometric Analysis And Scoping Review. Russian Open Medical Journal, 14(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.15275/Rusomj.2025.0209

Chaychoowong, K., Watson, R., & Barrett, D. I. (2023). Perceptions Of Stigma Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients In Thailand, And The Links To Delays In Accessing Healthcare. Journal Of Infection Prevention, 24(2), 77–82. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/17571774231152720

Collins, P. Y., Von Unger, H., & Armbrister, A. (2008). Church Ladies, Good Girls, And 87 Locas: Stigma And The Intersection Of Gender, Ethnicity, Mental Illness, And Sexuality In Relation To Hiv Risk. Social Science And Medicine, 67(3), 389–397. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Socscimed.2008.03.01.

Courtwright, A. (2020). Tuberculosis And Stigmatization : Pathways And Interventions. Public Health Reports, 125, 34–42.

Datiko, D. G., Jerene, D., & Suarez, P. (2020). Stigma Matters In Ending Tuberculosis: Nationwide Survey Of Stigma In Ethiopia. Bmc Public Health, 20(1), 1–10. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12889-019-7915-6

Diana, G. N., Marlinton, S., Damayanti, E., & Astuti, A. W. (2024). Dampak Stigma Dan Diskriminasi Pada Penderita Tuberkulosis The Impact Of Stigma And Discrimination On Tuberculosis Patients. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Dan Kesehatan, 2(2), 61–71. Https://Doi.Org/10.36590/Jibi.V2i2.1175

Dwiningrum, R., Wulandari, R. Y., & Yunitasari, E. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Lama Pengobatan Tb Paru Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Tb Paru Di Klinik Harum Melati. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 6, 209–214. Https://Doi.Org/10.30604/Jika.V6is1.788

Essar, M. Y., Rezayee, K. J., Ahmad, S., Kamal, M. A., Nasery, R., Danishmand, T. J., 88 Head, M., & Nemat, A. (2022). Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Toward Tuberculosis Among Hospital Outpatients In Kabul, Afghanistan. Frontiers In Public Health, 10(July), 1–10. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpubh.2022.933005

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity. A Touchstone Book Published By Simon & Schuster Inc New.

Grippi, M. A., Antin-Ozerkis, D. E., Cruz, C. S. Dela, M.Kotloff, R., Kotton, C. N., & I.Pack, A. (2022). Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases And Disorders. In Mc Graw Hill Education (Sixth Edic, Vol. 32, Issue 3). Mc Graw Hill Education. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/0002-9343(62)90127-4

Hasudungan, A., Sri, I., & Wulandari, M. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Penderita Tbc Terhadap Stigma Penyakitnya Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Parongpong Kecamatan Parongpong Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Chmk Nursing Scientific Journal, 4(1), 171–177. Https://Media.Neliti.Com/Media/Publications/316285- 89 Hubungan-Pengetahuan-Penderita-Tbc-Terha-4e937c4d.Pdf

Jing Teo, A. K., Jin Tan, R. K., Smyth, C., Soltan, V., Eng, S., Ork, C., Sok, N., Tuot, S., Hsu, L. Y., & Yi, S. (2020). Characterizing And Measuring Tuberculosis Stigma In The Community: A Mixed-Methods Study In Cambodia. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(10), 1–10. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Ofid/

Kementrian Kesehatan. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024.

Moonsarn, S., Kasetjaroen, Y., & Phanumartwiwath, A. (2023). A Communicationbased Intervention Study For Reducing Stigma And Discrimination Against Tuberculosis Among Thai High-School Students. Internasiona; Journal Of Enviromental Research And Public Health Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijerph20054136

Mubarokah, K., Nurjanah, N., Handayani, S., Astarini, H. R., Maharani, A. W., Masitoh, D., Salisa, M. D., & Yulianah, S. D. (2022). Tuberculosis Literacy And Stigma: Female Activists In Five Areas With The Lowest Treatment Success Rate In Semarang, Indonesia. South Eastern European Journal Of Public Health, 2022(Special Issue 2), 1–12. Https://Doi.Org/10.11576/Seejph-5330

Nurjannah, A., Rahmalia, F. Y., Paramesti, H. R., & Laily, L. A. (2022). Determinan Sosial Tuberculosis Di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 3(1), 65–76 Https://Doi.Org/10.15294/Jppkmi.V3i1.61083

Octavienty, Hafiz, I., & Noverita Khairani, T. (2019). The Relationship Of Knowledge Levels In Taking Medication Obedience On Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients (Tb) In Unit Health Centre Of Simalingkar Medan. Agustus, 3(3), 123–130. Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/347599250_Hubungan_Tingkat_Pengetahuan_Terhadap_Kepatuhan_Minum_Obat_Pada_Pasien_Tuberkulosis_Paru_Tb_Di_Upt_Peskesmas_Simalingkar_Kota_Medan

Oladele, D. A., Idigbe, I. E., Ekama, S. O., Gbajabiamila, T., Ohihoin, A. G., David, A. N., Ezechi, O. C., Odunukwe, N. N., & Salako, B. L. (2021). “Their Place Is Beyond The Town’s Border”: A Qualitative Exploration Of Stigma Associated With Tuberculosis In Rural And Urban Areas Of Lagos, Nigeria. Health And Social Care In The Community, 29(6), 1789–1798. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Hsc.13287

Siyabonga, B., Lee-Hsieh, J., Liu, C., & Cheng, S. (2019). International Journal Of Africa Nursing Sciences The Relationship Between Patients ’ Perception Of Nurse Caring Behaviors And Tuberculosis Stigma Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis In Swaziland. International Journal Of Africa Nursing Sciences, 10(April 2018), 14–18. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijans.2018.11.004

Smith, R., Rossetto, K., & Peterson, B. L. (2008). A Meta-Analysis Of Disclosure Of One’s Hiv-Positive Status, Stigma And Social Support. Aids Care - Psychological And Socio-Medical Aspects Of Aids/Hiv, 20(10), 1266–1275. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09540120801926977

Tobin, E. H., & Tristram, D. (2025). Tuberculosis: Overview. International Encyclopedia Of Public Health, 241–245. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-12- 803678-5.00474-4

Togatorop, L. B., & Suratmini, D. (2023). Hubungan Stigma Dan Efikasi Diri Dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (Oat) Pasien Tuberkulosis: Literatur Review. Jurnal Keperawatan Widya Gantari Indonesia, 7(2), 115–125. Https://Doi.Org/10.52020/Jkwgi.V7i2.5736

Ulfa, A. F., & Fatmawati, S. (2023). Hubungan Self-Stigma Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Tbc (Oat) Pada Penderita Tbc Di Wilayah Surakarta. Asjn 93 (Aisyiyah Surakarta Journal Of Nursing), 4(1), 15–21. Https://Doi.Org/10.30787/Asjn.V4i1.1150

Vendaviyas, . S., A, V. S., S, K., S, J. M. A., & G, S. (2021). Stigma And Discrimination Of Tuberculosis In India: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Applied Research, 7(1), 14–17. Https://Doi.Org/10.22271/Allresearch.2021.V7.I1a.8140

Wawan, & Dewi. (2023). Teori & Pegukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Manusia. In Nuha Medika. Nuha Medika

Who. (2022). Who Consolidated Guidelines On Tuberculosis. In Who Press.

Widowati, I., Balgis, B., & Mulyani, S. (2021). Relationship Of Age, Gender, And History Of Comorbid Diseases In Tb Patients Toward Self-Stigma Tb In Surakarta. Indonesian Journal Of Public Health Nutrition, 2(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.7454/Ijphn.V2i1.5346

Wisnugati, A. Y., Wijaya, D., & Suhari, S. (2025). Determinants Factors Of Social And Self Stigma In Tuberculosis Patients : A Literature Review. Junral Ners Universitas Pahlawan, 9, 3206–3217. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Jn.V9i2.43692

Yin, X., Yan, S., Tong, Y., Peng, X., Yang, T., Lu, Z., & Gong, Y. (2018). Status Of Tuberculosis-Related Stigma And Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study In Central China. Tropical Medicine And International Health, 23(2), 199–205. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Tmi.13017

Zhang, Y., Zhou, M., Liang, R., Chen, J., Shi, P., Zheng, Y., Luo, X., Wu, Y., Yu, X., Wu, Y., Liang, S., Deng, W., Bueber, M. A., Phillips, M. R., & Li, T. (2025). Mental Health In China Mental Health Literacy And The Stigmatisation And Discrimination Of Individuals Affected By Mental Illnesses In China : A Scoping Review. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 61, 101642. 94 Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Lanwpc.2025.101642

Zulfa, I. M., & Yunitasari, F. D. (2025). Public Knowledge , Attitude And Stigma Towards Tuberculosis In Surabaya , Indonesia : Determining Associated Factors For Poor Attitude. International Journal Of Health And Pharmaceutical Public, 85, 56–62.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i9.24731

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Publisher: Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Creative Commons License
Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License