Panduan Penulisan
Model Psikoedukasi Keluarga dan Peningkatan Kemampuan Activities Daily of Living (ADL) pada Pasien Gangguan Jiwa: Studi Literatur
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ABSTRACT
Mental disorders constitute a global health concern that requires family involvement in the recovery process, particularly in supporting patients’ ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL). However, limited family knowledge and caregiving skills often hinder home-based care and increase caregiver burden. This review aimed to identify existing family psychoeducation models and analyze their contributions to improving families’ capacity to facilitate ADL among patients with mental disorders. This review searched articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies were screened through identification, duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment. A total of 1,342 records were identified, and 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed narratively by grouping psychoeducation models, implementation approaches, and their impacts on family outcomes and patients’ ADL. The review identified diverse psychoeducation models, including structured face-to-face programs, CBT-, ACT-, and mindfulness-based interventions, peer-led and community-based models, as well as digital and telehealth interventions. Most studies reported improvements in family knowledge, coping, and positive attitudes, accompanied by reductions in caregiver stress and burden. Interventions integrating emotional skills training and social support demonstrated the strongest effects. Although findings on ADL improvement were inconsistent, several studies indicated enhanced family capacity to support daily activities and foster a recovery-supportive home environment. Family psychoeducation contributes significantly to families’ readiness to support patients’ ADL and should be considered an integral component of mental health services. Combining educational content, coping-skills training, and technology-based platforms is recommended to expand service coverage, particularly in settings with limited workforce and resources. Further research is required to clarify the direct effects of psychoeducation on patients’ ADL over the long term.
Keywords: Family Psychoeducation, Activities of Daily Living, Mental Disorders, Caregivers.
ABSTRAK
Gangguan jiwa merupakan isu kesehatan global yang membutuhkan keterlibatan keluarga dalam proses pemulihan pasien, khususnya dalam mendukung kemampuan menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari (Activities of Daily Living/ADL). Namun, rendahnya pemahaman dan keterampilan keluarga sering menjadi hambatan dalam perawatan di rumah dan berdampak pada beban caregiver. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai model psikoedukasi keluarga yang telah digunakan serta menganalisis kontribusinya dalam meningkatkan kapasitas keluarga untuk memfasilitasi ADL pada pasien dengan gangguan jiwa. Tinjauan ini dilakukan dengan menelusuri database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Artikel disaring melalui tahapan identifikasi, penghapusan duplikasi, seleksi judul dan abstrak, serta pembacaan teks lengkap. Sebanyak 1.342 artikel ditemukan, dan 13 memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dianalisis secara naratif berdasarkan model psikoedukasi, metode implementasi, dan dampaknya terhadap keluarga dan ADL pasien. Tinjauan menunjukkan variasi model psikoedukasi yang meliputi pendekatan tatap muka terstruktur, intervensi berbasis CBT, ACT, dan mindfulness, model peer-led dan berbasis komunitas, serta intervensi digital dan telehealth. Mayoritas studi melaporkan peningkatan pengetahuan, coping, dan sikap positif keluarga, diikuti penurunan stres dan beban caregiving. Intervensi berbasis keterampilan emosional dan dukungan sosial menunjukkan dampak paling kuat. Meskipun hasil terkait perbaikan ADL pasien tidak seragam, beberapa studi menunjukkan peningkatan kapasitas keluarga untuk mendampingi aktivitas harian dan menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pemulihan. Psikoedukasi keluarga terbukti berkontribusi terhadap kesiapan keluarga dalam mendampingi pasien menjalankan ADL dan dapat menjadi bagian integral pelayanan kesehatan jiwa. Kombinasi edukasi, keterampilan coping, dan pemanfaatan platform berbasis teknologi perlu diprioritaskan untuk memperluas jangkauan layanan, khususnya pada wilayah dengan keterbatasan tenaga dan fasilitas. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan langsung antara psikoedukasi dan peningkatan ADL pasien dalam jangka panjang.
Kata Kunci: Psikoedukasi Keluarga, Aktivitas Sehari-Hari, ODGJ, Caregiver.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i10.24742
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