Panduan Penulisan
Efek Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Pada Populasi Umum
Sari
ABSTRACT
The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest viral outbreak of this century. The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on mental health. Prevention of infection to control the spread of this epidemic requires restrictions on physical activity that took place in Indonesia within the last 2 years. Analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population and health workers and the associated risk factors. The method used is literature review where data is obtained from several electronic databases such as google scholar, PubMed, and NCBI between 2019-2022. 20 of 41 articles are selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Mental health problems in the general public during COVID-19 were reported to have quite high numbers, namely anxiety (6.33% - 50.9%), depression (14.6%-48.3%), PTSD (7%-53, 8%), stress (8.1%-81.9%). The associated risk factors are female gender, young age (<40 years), chronic/psychiatric disease, unemployment, students, and frequent exposure to COVID-19 news. The COVID-19 pandemic had a very significant effect on the level of psychological distress. Therefore, special attention is needed to the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders to help the community through this pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Mental Health, Risk Factors
ABSTRAK
Pandemi Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan wabah virus terbesar pada abad ini. Pandemi COVID-19 telah menghasilkan dampak yang tidak pernah diperkirakan sebelumnya terhadap kesehatan mental. Pencegahan infeksi untuk mengendalikan penyebaran wabah ini mengharuskan adanya pembatasan aktivitas fisik yang berlangsung di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun terakhir. Menganalisis dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kesehatan mental pada populasi umum dan petugas kesehatan serta faktor risiko yang berhubungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dimana data diperoleh dari beberapa database elektronik seperti google schoolar, PubMed, NCBI antara tahun 2019-2022. 20 dari 41 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan yang telah ditentukan. Masalah kesehatan mental pada populasi umum selama COVID-19 dilaporkan memiliki angka yang cukup tinggi yakni kecemasan (6,33% - 50,9%),depresi (14,6%-48,3%), PTSD (7%-53,8%), stress (8,1%-81,9%). Faktor risiko yang berhubungan yakni jenis kelamin perempuan, usia yang muda (<40 tahun), adanya penyakit kronis/psikiatri, pengangguran, pelajar, dan sering terpapar berita COVID-19. Pandemi COVID-19 memiliki efek yang sangat signifikan pada tingkat tekanan psikologis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perhatian khusus terhadap pencegahan dan penanganan gangguan kesehatan mental untuk membantu populasi melalui pandemi ini.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Pandemi, Kesehatan Mental, Faktor Risiko
Teks Lengkap:
Download ArtikelReferensi
Ahmed, Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., & Ahmad, A. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(January), 102092.
Amir, E., Fatemeh, J., Neda, P., & Ali, A. (2020). Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Pa- tients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), e35–e35. http://europepmc.org/article/MED/32232218%0Ahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32232218
Anand, K. B., Karade, S., Sen, S., & Gupta, R. M. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Camazotz’s Curse. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 76(2), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.008
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Eid, R. S., Gobinath, A. R., & Galea, L. A. M. (2019). Sex differences in depression: Insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Progress in Neurobiology, 176, 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
González-sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Ángel, M., & Saiz, J. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic ( COVID-19 ) in Spain. January.
Huang, Yeen, & Zhao, N. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. Esliver Psychiatry ResearchPsychiatry Research, 288(January), 2–3.
Huang, Yueqin, Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., Yu, Y., Kou, C., Xu, X., Lu, J., Wang, Z., He, S., Xu, Y., He, Y., Li, T., Guo, W., Tian, H., Xu, G., Xu, X., … Wu, Y. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30511-X
Lassale, C., Batty, G. D., Baghdadli, A., Jacka, F., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Kivimäki, M., & Akbaraly, T. (2019). Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(7), 965–986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0237-8
Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020). Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924609
Li, Z., Ge, J., Yang, M., Feng, J., Qiao, M., & Jiang, R. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. January.
Lim, G. Y., Tam, W. W., Lu, Y., Ho, C. S., Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. C. (2018). Prevalence of Depression in the Community from 30 Countries between 1994 and 2014 /692/699/476/1414 /692/499 article. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x
Liu, H., Liu, J., Chen, M., Tan, X., Zheng, T., Kang, Z., Gao, L., Jiao, M., Ning, N., Liang, L., Wu, Q., & Hao, Y. (2019). Sleep problems of healthcare workers in tertiary hospital and influencing factors identified through a multilevel analysis: A cross-sectional study in China. BMJ Open, 9(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032239
Luo, M., Guo, L., Yu, M., & Wang, H. (2020). The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 291(June), 113190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
Mamun, M. A., & Ullah, I. (2020). COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87(May), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among italian people during the covid-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
McIntyre, R. S., & Lee, Y. (2020). Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry, 19(2), 250–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20767
Moghanibashi, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(January), 2020.
Molendijk, M., Molero, P., Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño, F., Van der Does, W., & Angel Martínez-González, M. (2018). Diet quality and depression risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022
Olagoke, A. A., Olagoke, O. O., & Hughes, A. M. (2020). Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 865–874. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12427
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). ‘“Pandemic fear”’ and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 36(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020
Pisciotta, M., Denneson, L. M., Williams, H. B., Woods, S., Tuepker, A., & Dobscha, S. K. (2019). Providing mental health care in the context of online mental health notes: advice from patients and mental health clinicians. Journal of Mental Health, 28(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521924
Samadarshi, S. C. A., Sharma, S., & Bhatta, J. (2020). An online survey of factors associated with self-perceived stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 34(2), 84–89.
Santabárbara, J., Bueno-Notivol, J., Lipnicki, D. M., Olaya, B., Pérez-Moreno, M., Gracia-García, P., Idoiaga-Mondragon, N., & Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review (on published articles in Medline) with meta-analysis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 107(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110244
Sønderskov, K. M., Dinesen, P. T., Santini, Z. I., & Østergaard, S. D. (2020). The depressive state of Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2020.15
Thakur, V., & Jain, A. (2020). COVID 2019-suicides: A global psychological pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88(xxxx), 952–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.062
Tran, B. X., Dang, A. K., Thai, P. K., Le, H. T., Le, X. T. T., Do, T. T. T., Nguyen, T. H., Pham, H. Q., Phan, H. T., Vu, G. T., Phung, D. T., Nghiem, S. H., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, T. D., Do, K. N., Van Truong, D., Van Vu, G., Latkin, C. A., Ho, R. C. M., & Ho, C. S. H. (2020). Coverage of health information by different sources in communities: Implication for COVID-19 epidemic response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103577
Wang, C., Riyu, P., Xiaoyang, W., Yilin, T., Linkang, X., Cyrus, S. H., & C.H., R. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1–25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084952/
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, & Mcintyre R. (2020). A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity journal [revista en Internet] 2020 [acceso 22 de febrero de 2022]; 87(2020): 40-48. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87(April), 40–48. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153528/pdf/main.pdf
Wenjun, C., Ziwei, F., Guoqiang, H., Mei, H., Xinrong, X., Jiaxin, D., & Jianzhong, Z. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287(March 20, 2020), 1–5. http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L2005406993%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Available online at: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-$−$11-march-2020
World Health Organization (2017). World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. [Internet]. 2017. Available online at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610
Woo, T., Ho, R., Tang, A., & Tam, W. (2020). Global prevalence of burnout symptoms among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 123(December 2019), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015
Zhang Y, & Ma Z. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [revista en Internet] 2020 [acceso 8 de octu. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study., 17(march), 2381. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32233719/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v2i4.7606
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
Publisher: Universitas Malahayati Lampung
Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
kostenlose besucherzähler