Analisis Pembatasan Garam pada Pasien Hipertensi dan Faktor-Faktor Determinannya di Desa Perapat Nunggul Kecamatan Lawe Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

Sri Handayani

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that is the main cause of death worldwide. behavior that is often done and causes hypertension such as consuming processed foods, not caring about the salt content in food, adding salt to the table, and not buying low-sodium salt. Salt restriction in hypertensive patients is related to knowledge, family support, and support from health workers. This study aims to analyze salt restriction in hypertensive patients and its determinant factors in Perapat Nunggul Village, Lawe Alas District, and Southeast Aceh District. This research is a correlational analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The population is all hypertension sufferers totaling 63 people with a sampling technique in the form of total sampling. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge, family support, and health worker support with salt restriction in hypertensive patients, with p-values for each variable, namely knowledge (p = 0.000), family support (p = 0.004) and support from health workers (p = 0.011). Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that the Puskesmas will support health workers in home care activities and families can provide support in the form of assessments, awards, and instrumental and emotional.

 

Keywords: Hypertension, salt restriction, knowledge, family, health workers.

 

ABSTRAK

 

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kardiovaskular yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. perilaku yang sering dilakukan dan menjadi penyebab hipertensi seperti mengonsumsi makanan olahan, tidak mempedulikan kadar garam dalam makanan, menambahkan garam di atas meja dan tidak membeli garam rendah sodium. Pembatasan garam pada penderita hipertensi berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembatasan garam pada pasien hipertensi dan faktor-faktor determinannya di Desa Perapat Nunggul Kecamatan Lawe Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yaitu seluruh penderita hipertensi berjumlah 63 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan pembatasan garam pada penderita hipertensi, dengan nilai p-value untuk masing-masing variabel yaitu pengetahuan (p = 0,000), dukungan keluarga (p = 0,004) dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan (p = 0,011). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan puskesmas mendukung tenaga kesehatan dalam kegiatan home care dan keluarga dapat memberikan dukungan berupa penilaian, penghargaan, instrumental dan emosional.

 

Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Pembatasan Garam, Pengetahuan, Keluarga, Tenaga Kesehatan.


Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Adeagbo, A. O., Omosanya, O. E., Ayodapo, A. O., Elegbede, O. T., & Shabi, O. M. (2019). Knowledge of Salt intake and Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Hospital. Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice, 2(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.97

Aryantiningsih, D. S., & Silaen, J. B. (2018). Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Masyarakat Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Harapan Raya Pekanbaru. Jurnal Ipteks Terapan, 12(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.22216/jit.2018.v12i1.1483

Asman, A., Yasa, I. D. P. G. P., Wardani, S. P. D. K., Nuraeni, T., Ribek, N., Fajriana, H., … Uthia, R. (2023). Manajemen tatalaksana hipertensi. In Bandung: Media Sains Indonesia (pp. 1–210).

Ayu, W. D. (2022). Keperawatan Kesehatan Komunitas: Teori dan Praktik dalam Keperawatan. In Jakarta: Salemba Medika (pp. 1–378). Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LKpz4vwQyT8C&oi=fnd&pg=PT37&dq=keperawatan&ots=gl34CWbdjp&sig=fzAs8R6w-z--X7f_atKzyOiuDYc

Baharudin, A., Ambak, R., Othman, F., Michael, V., Cheong, S. M., Nor, N. A., … He, F. J. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and behaviour on salt intake and its association with hypertension in the Malaysian population: findings from MyCoSS (Malaysian Community Salt Survey). Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 40(Suppl 1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-021-00235-0

Borhade, G. T. M. B. (2022). Hypertensive heart disease. In Journal - Michigan State Medical Society (Vol. 46).

Chowdhury, S., & Chakraborty, P. pratim. (2017). Knowledge attitude, and practice regarding dietary salt intake among urban slum population of North India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 6(2), 169–170. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc

Dahlia, A. (2022). Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Keterlibatan Ummat Dalam Penerimaan Sakramen Tobat. In Azka Pustaka (pp. 1–230).

Darmawan, D., & Zulfa, S. (2015). Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Motivasi Pasien Hipertensi Tentang Pelaksanaan Diet Hipertensi Di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rs. Rajawali Bandung. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 1(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v1i1.1187

Du, X., Fang, L., Xu, J., Chen, X., Bai, Y., Wu, J., … Zhong, J. (2022). The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x

Fatmi, E., Tahlil, T., & Mulyadi. (2017). Faktor determinan kepatuhan diet pada pasien hipertensi dengan pendekatan Health Promotion Model (HPM). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana, 13(2013), 102–110.

Ferawati, Rita S, I., Amira A, S., & Ida R, Y. (2020). Stroke : Bukan Akhir Segalanya (Cegah dan Atasi Sejak Dini). In Guepedia (pp. 1–73). Retrieved from https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/STROKE_BUKAN_AKHIR_SEGALANYA_Cegah_dan_A/CQtMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1

Geevar, Z. (2022). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Young Adults (20–39 Years) in Kerala, South India. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9(1), 1–22.

Ghimire, K., Adhikari, T. B., Rijal, A., Kallestrup, P., Henry, M. E., & Neupane, D. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption in Nepal: Findings from the community-based management of non-communicable diseases project in Nepal (COBIN). Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 21(6), 739–748. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13544

Habib, N. (2019). Neurological Complications of Hypertension: A Review Article. Public Health Open Access, 3(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000141

Haron, H., Kamal, N. A. F., Yahya, H. M., & Shahar, S. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Malay Elderly on Salt Intake and Its Relationship With Blood Pressure. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(February), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.559071

Hastuti, A. P. (2022). Hipertensi. In Jawa Tengah: Tim Lakeisha (pp. 1–167).

Hastuti, H., Masruri, B., & Tyastuti, I. A. (2017). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Diit Rendah Garam Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Kampung Mekar Sari Kabupaten Tangerang. Jurnal JKFT, 1(2), 51. https://doi.org/10.31000/jkft.v2i2.62

Ismah, Z. (2022). Derajat Kesehatan Masyarakat Urban , Sub Urban dan Pesisir Kota Medan. In Medan: Merdeka Kreasi (pp. 1–122).

Januar, R. (2019). Program Pelangi ( Pengontrol Diet Pada Lansia Dengan Hipertensi ) Di Sei Lulut alcohol. Jurnal Suaka Insan Mengabdi (JSIM), 1, 33–41.

Justian, D. (2022). Penerapan Tindakan Posisi Persalinan. In Pekalongan: Nasya Expanding Management (NEM) (p. 101).

Kamran, A., Azadbakht, L., Sharifirad, G., Mahaki, B., & Sharghi, A. (2019). Sodium intake, dietary knowledge, and illness perceptions of controlled and uncontrolled rural hypertensive patients. International Journal of Hypertension, 2014, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/245480

Kifle, Z. D., Adugna, M., Chanie, G. S., & Mohammed, A. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension complications among hypertensive patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 13, 100951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100951

Kiha, R. R., Palimbong, S., & Kurniasari, M. D. (2018). Keefektifan Diet Rendah Garam I Pada Makanan Biasa Dan Lunak Terhadap Lama Kesembuhan Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v3i1.1574

Lin Ernawati, Fandinata, S. S., & Permatasari, S. N. (2020). Translation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Hypertension Knowledge-level Scale. Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 26(8), 630–637.

M. Siregar Hutagaluh. (2019). Panduan Lengkap Stroke: Mencegah, Mengobati dan Menyembuhkan. In Nusamedia (pp. 1–211).

Mamahit, M., Mulyadi, N., & Onibala, F. (2017). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Diet Garam Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Di Puskesmas Bahu Kota Manado. Jurnal Keperawatan UNSRAT, 5(1), 105373.

Manuntung, A. (2019). Terapi perilaku kognitif pada pasien hipertensi. In Malang: Wineka Media (pp. 1–126).

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Ningsih, D. L. R. (2017). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pekerja sektor informal di pasar beringharjo kota yogyakarta.

Nurwidiyanti, E., Mufidah, A., Tania, M., Cing, G. C., Riskawaty, H. M., Raharjo, R., … Cing, C. (2022). Keperawatan Medikal Bedah. In Media Sains Indonesia (pp. 1–602).

Oluwafunmilayo, R., Emmanuel, T., & Olayemi Tosin, E. (2021). Effect of Nursing Intervention on Knowledge and Practice of Salt and Diet Modification among Hypertensive Patients in a General Hospital South-West Nigeria. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(1), 1–392. Retrieved from www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org

Plati, C. (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 41(21), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-885-4-286

Pratiwi, P. C. A. (2022). Hubungan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Sukasada I Buleleng. Retrieved from https://repo.undiksha.ac.id/9526/%0Ahttps://repo.undiksha.ac.id/9526/9/1818011019-DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf

Purwandari, K. P., & Nugroho, Y. W. (2018). Hubungan Tingkat Kepatuhan Diet terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Desa Nambangan. 482–486.

Raka, T. P. A. U. (2016). Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Cempaka Raja Kabupaten Lampung Utara Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter.

Sumantri, A. (2014). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Hipertensi Pada KeluargaTerhadap Kepatuhan Diet Rendah Garam Lansia Hipertensi Di Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati. Skripsi Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, 1–52.

Supriyatna, R., Maya Febriyanti, Dewanto, Indra Wijaya, & Ferry Ferdiansyah. (2015). Fitoterapi Sistem Organ Pandangan Dunia. In Deepublish (pp. 1–352).

Suwarni, S., Asdie, A. H., & Astuti, H. (2009). Konseling gizi dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan zat gizi dan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, Vol. 6, p. 21. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17684

Tutpai, G., Unja, E. E., & Nura, F. (2021). Family Support for Controlling Blood Pressure of Elderly Patients in Health Facilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Banjarmasin. The 4th International Virtual Conference on Nursing, 4, 268–277. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v6i1.8614

Wicaksana, A. L., & Wang, S. T. (2018). Psychometric Testing of the Indonesian Version of Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire Among Patients with Hypertension. Asian Nursing Research, 12(4), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2018.10.005

Youssef, G. S. (2022). Salt and Hypertension: current views. E-Journal of Cardiology Practice, 55(3), 1–10.

Yulianto, & Budi. (2020). Perilaku Pengguna APD Sebagai Alternatif Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Yang Terpapar Bising Intensitas Tinggi. In Scopindo Media Pustaka (pp. 1–126).

Zainiah, Rahman, H. F., Fauzi, A. K., & Andayani, S. A. (2022). Aromaterapi Mawar dan Diet Rendah Garam pada Hipertensi. In Malang: Ahlimedia Press (pp. 1–264).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v3i3.9471

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Publisher: Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Creative Commons License
Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License


kostenlose besucherzähler