FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN MAKROSOMIA

Fijri Rachmawati* -  Prodi Profesi Bidan Universitas Malahayati, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/mj.v1i4.5625

Background: The condition of babies with excess or abnormal birth weight is termed fetal macrosomia or macrosomia babies. Macrosomia is a baby born weighing more than 4000 grams. Excess fetal weight is attracting attention because it increases perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Based on the results of the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the percentage of birth weight of children weighing > 4000 grams is around 4.8% of the national number of births.

Purpose: to find out the mothers risk factors in macrosomia case in the Regional General Hospital of Panembahan Senopati Bantul.

Method: This research is analytical in case control research design with a retrospective design. This study used secondary data from 2014-2018. Samples in this study amounted to 110 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Analysis of bivariate data with chi-squre, and multivariate data analysis using logistic regression with 0, 05  for a p-value and 95% for CI.

Result: Multivariate analysis using logistic regression found diabetes in pregnancy (P = 0.002; OR = 6.029; 95% CI: 1,974-18,416), gestational age > 41 weeks (P = 0.027; OR = 2.825; 95% CI: 1,123-7,109) and childbirth history of macrosomic infants (P = 0.033; OR = 2.682; 95% CI: 1.081-6.651).

Conclusion:diabetes in pregnancy, gestational age> 41 weeks and childbirth  history of macrosomia babies are risk factors that cause macrosomia in infants,

Suggestion: so it is necessary to make preventive efforts by screening for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy at the puskesmas, for gestational age > 41 weeks should consult a doctor for consideration of termination of pregnancy and pregnant women with a history of giving birth to macrosomic babies should carry out integrated integrated antenatal examinations for the prevention of macrosomia in infants .

Key Word             :diabetes in pregnancy, gender of the baby, childbirth history of macrosomic babies, gestational age, macrosomia

 

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Kondisi bayi dengan berat lahir berlebih atau abnormal diistilahkan dengan fetal makrosomia atau bayi makrosomia. Makrosomia adalah bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan lebih dari 4000 gram. Berat janin berlebih menarik perhatian karena meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas perinatal dan maternal. Berdasarkan pada hasil Riset Dasar Kesehatan (Riskesdas) tahun 2013, presentase berat badan lahir anak dengan berat badan > 4000 gram adalah berkisar 4,8% dari jumlah kelahiran bayi nasional.

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui faktor risiko ibu dengan kejadian makrosomia di  Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Panembahan Senopati Bantul.

Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain penelitian case control dengan rancangan retrospektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari tahun 2014-2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 110 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data bivariate dengan chi-squre, dan analisis data multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistic dengan nilai p-value  0,05 dan CI 95%.

Hasil: Analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistic didapatkan diabetes dalam kehamilan (P=0,002; OR=6,029; 95%CI:1,974-18,416), usia kehamilan > 41 minggu (P=0,027; OR=2,825; 95%CI:1,123-7,109) dan riwayat melahirkan bayi makrosomia (P=0,033; OR=2,682; 95%CI:1,081-6,651).

Kesimpulan : diabetes dalam kehamilan, usia kehamilan > 41minggu dan riwayat melahirkan bayi makrosomia merupakan faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya makrosomia pada bayi,

Saran: perlu melakukan upaya preventif dengan melakukan skrining diabetes mellitus dalam kehamilan di puskesmas, untuk usia kehamilan > 41 minggu sebaiknya berkonsultasi dengan dokter untuk pertimbangan terminasi kehamilan dan ibu hamil dengan riwayat melahirkan bayi makrosomia sebaiknya melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal terpadu yang terintegrasi untuk pencegahan terjadinya makrosomia pada bayi.

Kata Kunci           : diabetes dalam kehamilan, jenis kelamin bayi, riwayat melahirkan bayi makrosomia, usia kehamilan, usia kehamilan, makrosomia

 

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MJ : Midwifery Journal

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