Peristiwa kehidupan, aktivitas fisik, dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia di komunitas
Abstract
Background: Aging is a natural process that all individuals will face and it cannot be prevented. Someone who enters old age will face a process of change both physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. Decreased cognitive function can occur in older adults as they get older. However, decreased cognitive function can lead to Dementia problems. Adverse life events also can lead older adults have cognitive problems. Yet, being active physically can prevent older adults suffering problem in cognitive function.
Purpose: To examine the relationship between adverse life events, physical activity, and cognitive function in older adults dwelling in community.
Method: The research design used descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The total sample in this study was 93 older adults dwelling in community. This survey used questionnaires to measure adverse live events with Geriatric Adverse Live Events Scale (GALES), physical activity with International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Elderly (IPAQ-E), and cognitive function used Cognitive Impairment Test (6 CIT) questionnaire.
Results: The results of the Spearmen's rho correlation test were r = -0.294 for the physical activity variable and r = 0.454 for the life events variable with a significant value of p <0.05. This can be interpreted that there is a significant relationship between adverse life events and physical activity with cognitive function in older adults.
Conclusion: An older adult who experiences stress is very at risk of experiencing a decrease in cognitive function and this can lead to the emergence of dementia problems. Then the lower the physical activity carried out by older adults can trigger cognitive function problems.
Suggestion: It is hoped that families will routinely facilitate elderly people to carry out activities according to their abilities and conditions.
Keywords: Adverse Life Events; Cognitive Function; Older Adults; Physical Activity
Pendahuluan: Menua adalah proses alami yang akan dihadapi semua individu dan hal ini tidak dapat dicegah. Seseorang yang memasuki usia lanjut akan menghadapi proses perubahan baik pada fisik, jiwa, sosial dan spiritual. Masalah fungsi kognitif dapat terjadi pada lansia seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Namun, penurunan fungsi kognitif dapat memicu terjadinya masalah Demensia. Peristiwa kehidupan yang tidak menyenangkan juga dapat berpengaruh terhadap masalah kognitif pada lansia. Namun, aktif secara fisik dapat mencegah lansia memiliki masalah fungsi kognitif.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan peristiwa kehidupan, aktivitas fisik, dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik yang menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Total sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 93 orang lansia yang tinggal di komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Geriatric Adverse Live Events Scale (GALES) untuk menilai peristiwa kehidupan pada lansia, Physical Activity Questionnaire–Elderly (IPAQ-E) untuk menilai aktivitas fisik, dan Cognitive Impairment Test (6 CIT) untuk menilai fungsi kognitif pada lansia.
Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi spearmen’s rho adalah sebesar r = -0,294 untuk variable aktivitas fisik dan r = 0,454 untuk variable peristiwa kehidupan dengan nilai significance p <0,05. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dan peristiwa kehidupan dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.
Simpulan: Seorang lansia yang mengalami stress sangat beresiko mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif dan hal itu dapat mengarah munculnya masalah dementia. Kemudian semakin rendah aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh lansia dapat memicu munculnya masalah fungsi kognitif.
Saran: Diharapkan keluarga dengan rutin memfasilitasi lansia untuk melakukan aktivitas sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kondisinya.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v17i5.11960
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