Keterpaparan informasi dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang stunting pada remaja putri

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a growth and development disorder in children due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, characterized by height below standard (faltering growth) with the criteria being that the TB/U z-score value is < -2 SD. The condition of failure to thrive experienced by stunted children affects their physical and cognitive development. Stunting has a short-term impact, namely that the child's brain development will be disrupted and not function optimally, physical growth will be disrupted and the child will be vulnerable to disease, as well as experiencing metabolic disorders. The long-term impact is a decline in cognitive abilities and suboptimal learning achievement, a high risk of experiencing degenerative diseases, and low economic productivity. Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Regarding the problem of stunting, young women need more attention because young women are prospective mothers who will give birth to the next generation.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between exposure to information and knowledge of stunting among young women at MTSN North Jakarta.

Method: Quantitative research using a cross sectional design. The research was carried out at the MTSN school in the North Jakarta area in June-August 2023 with a population of 1,304 female students. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, so the sample in this study amounted to 495 respondents. The sample inclusion criteria were female students aged 10-19 years, sitting in grades 7-9, and willing to be respondents, while the exclusion criteria were male students and female students who were sick. Data collection was carried out using primary data obtained based on the results of a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis used is univariate which functions to describe the frequency distribution of each variable and bivariate data analysis using the chi-square test. The instrument in this research is a questionnaire sheet containing questions related to stunting. The independent variables in this research are knowledge and exposure to information among respondents, while the dependent variable is about stunting.

Results: Of the 495 respondents who had not been exposed to stunting information, 9 (64.3%) respondents had poor knowledge, while 5 (35.7%) respondents had been exposed to information with poor knowledge. Furthermore, 117 (63.6%) respondents had not been exposed to information with sufficient knowledge, while 67 (36.4%) respondents had been exposed to sufficient knowledge. For respondents who had not been exposed to information but had good knowledge, there were 123 (41.4%) respondents, while 174 (58.6%) respondents who had been exposed to information about stunting had good knowledge. Based on the chi square test, it was found that the p-value was 0.000, the α value (>0.05), then Ho was rejected or Ha was accepted, so it could be concluded that there was a significant relationship between exposure to stunting information and knowledge.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between exposure to information and teenagers' knowledge about stunting as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000, so it needs to be given special attention by various parties, especially the government because it affects the growth and development of the body and the impact it has during adulthood.

Suggestion: Conduct research on the relationship between culture and adolescent knowledge because culture is a norm in society so it can influence attitudes in obtaining information.

Keywords: Information; Knowledge; Stunting; Teenager.

Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dan infeksi berulang, ditandai dengan tinggi badan berada dibawah standar (faltering growth) dengan kriteria jika nilai z-score TB/U < -2 SD. Kondisi gagal tumbuh yang dialami anak stunting mempengaruhi perkembangan fisik dan kognitifnya. Stunting memiliki dampak jangka pendek yaitu perkembangan otak anak akan mengalami gangguan dan tidak berfungsi secara maksimal, pertumbuhan fisik akan terganggu dan anak akan rentan terhadap penyakit, serta mengalami gangguan metabolisme tubuh. Dampak jangka panjangnya adalah menurunnya kemampuan kognitif dan prestasi belajar yang tidak maksimal, tingginya resiko mengalami penyakit degeneratif, serta rendahnya produktivitas ekonomi. Remaja adalah masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa. Terkait dengan permasalahan stunting, remaja putri memerlukan perhatian yang lebih karena remaja putri merupakan calon ibu yang akan melahirkan generasi selanjutnya

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan keterpaparan Informasi dengan pengetahuan stunting pada remaja putri di MTSN Jakarta Utara.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sekolah MTSN daerah Jakarta Utara pada bulan Juni-Agustus tahun 2023 dengan populasi sebanyak 1.304 siswi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, sehingga sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 495 responden. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu siswi yang berusia 10-19 tahun, duduk di bangku kelas 7-9, dan bersedia menjadi responden, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi yakni, murid laki-laki dan siswi dalam kondisi sakit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat yang berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi frekuensi setiap variabel dan analisis data bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan berkaitan dengan stunting. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yakni pengetahuan dan keterpaparan informasi pada responden, sedangkan variabel dependen yakni tentang stunting

Hasil: Dari 495 responden yang belum terpapar informasi stunting memiliki pengetahuan buruk sebanyak 9 (64.3%) responden, sedangkan sudah terpapar informasi dengan pengetahuan buruk sebanyak 5 (35.7%) responden. Selanjutnya belum terpapar informasi dengan pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 117 (63.6%), sedangkan sudah terpapar yaitu pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 67 (36.4%) responden. Bagi responden yang belum terpapar informasi namun pengetahuan baik sebanyak 123 (41.4%) responden, sedangkan responden yang sudah terpapar informasi mengenai stunting memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 174 (58.6%) responden. Berdasarkan uji chi square didapatkan nilai p-value 0.000 nilai α (>0.05) maka Ho ditolak atau Ha diterima maka dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara keterpaparan informasi stunting terhadap pengetahuan.

Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keterpaparan informasi terhadap pengetahuan remaja tentang stunting yang dibuktikan dengan nilai p-value 0.000, sehingga perlu menjadi perhatian khusus oleh berbagai pihak khususnya pemerintah karena berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh serta dampak yang ditimbulkan saat usia dewasa

Saran: Melakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan budaya terhadap pengetahuan remaja karena budaya merupakan norma yang ada dimasyarakat sehingga dapat mempengaruhi sikap dalam memperoleh informasi.