Efektifitas precede-proceed model dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien penyakit kronis
Abstract
Background: Increasing cases of chronic diseases lead to higher death rates in the world. Chronic diseases are caused by unhealthy people's behaviour, environmental factors, increased use of technology, socio-cultural influences that can affect the quality of life of sufferers. Chronic illness can affect the health of individuals, families, communities and governments. The precede-proceed model is an approach that can be used to influence individuals in their activities by adjusting to their conditions, compliance with treatment and enthusiasm for treatment so as to improve the quality of life for people with chronic diseases.
Purpose: To identify the effectiveness of the precede-proceed model in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.
Method: This research is a pre-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design approach. The population in this study were people with chronic diseases and the sample was 17 respondents who were selected by random sampling with the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researcher. The precede-proceed model was carried out in 7 stages which lasted for 7 weeks. The instrument used to assess the patient's quality of life is Whoqol-Brief. Hypothesis testing using the Paired T-sample statistic.
Results: the most dominant sex in this study was women with a percentage of reaching (76.47%), the most age was elderly with a percentage of 52.94%, secondary education level with the highest percentage of 58.82% and the most type of DM disease dominant in this study with a percentage of 35.29%. The precede-proceed model can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases (p=0.00).
Conclusion: The precede-proceed model is an approach to increasing the knowledge of people with chronic diseases with health services through the support of patients, families and the community.
Keywords: Chronic Diseases; Precede-Proceed Model; Quality of Life.
Pendahuluan: Peningkatan kasus penyakit kronis menyebabkan semakin tingginya angka kematian di dunia. Penyakit kronis disebabkan perilaku masyarakat, faktor lingkungan, peningkatan penggunaan teknologi, pengaruh sosial budaya yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita. Penyakit kronis dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan individu, keluarga serta masyarakat dan pemerintahan. Precede-proceed model merupakan suatu pendekatan dalam bentuk pendekatan, yang dapat mempengaruhi individu untuk beraktivitas dengan menyesuaikan dengan kondisinya, pemenuhan dalam pengobatan dan semangat dalam menjalani pengobatan sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita penyakit kronis.
Tujuan: Untuk melihat keefektifan precede-proceed model dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita dengan penyakit kronis.
Metode: Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita penyakit kronis, dengan sampel sebanyak 17 responden yang dipilih secara random sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi responden yang bersedia menjadi responden, pasien yang mengalami penyakit kronis lebih dari 6 bulan, kesadaran compos mentis, nilai kualitas hidupnya rendah, sedangkan yang menjadi kriteria eksklusi merupakan responden yang tidak bersedia menjadi responden, ada gangguan penglihatan dan pendengaran. Pelaksanaan precede-proceed model ini dilaksanakan dalam 7 tahapan yang berlangsung selama 7 minggu. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien berupa Whoqol-Brief. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan statistik Paired sampel T-test.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin yang paling dominan dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan dengan persentase mencapai 76.47%, usia yang paling dominan dalam penelitian ini adalah lanjut usia dengan persentase mencapai 52.94%, tingkat pendidikan paling banyak menengah dengan persentase 58.82% dan jenis penyakit kronis yang paling banyak adalah penyakit diabetes mellitus dengan persentase 35.29%. Model precede-proceed dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita dengan penyakit kronis (p=0.00).
Simpulan: Precede-proceed model merupakan suatu pendekatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan penderita penyakit kronis dengan pelayanan kesehatan melalui dukungan dari pasien, keluarga dan masyarakat
Kata Kunci: Kualitas Hidup; Penyakit Kronis; Precede Proceed Model.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v17i10.13199
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