Kejadian Rheumatoid Arthritis pada lansia di Poliklinik Bandar Lampung
Abstract
Rheumatic disease in the elderly: Rheumatoid arthritis cases and non–rheumatoid arthritis controls
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects most people and the exact cause is unknown. Based on data from Bandar Lampung, RA ranks fourth in the profile of the top 10 diseases that have emerged since 2012. Although the cause is unknown, RA complications are very dangerous, ranging from joint deformities & disabilities, internal organ damage, to death.
Purpose: To determine the factors associated with the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly
Method: Quantitative research with a case control design. The study population was all elderly patients at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital. The samples used were 47 cases and 47 controls. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression tests.
Results: It shows that there is no relationship between economic status (p-value 0.062) and the incidence of RA at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital. There was a significant relationship between smoking (p-value 0.042; OR 2.86), diet (p-value 0.013; OR 3.61), occupational (p-value 0.000; OR 6.80), and obesity (p-value. 0.017; OR 3.25) with RA.
Conclusion: The most dominant factor associated with the incidence of RA in the elderly is work (OR 7,8). Workers at high risk are advised to use personal protective equipment while working and provide time for fun outdoor physical activity so as to reduce stress and help the absorption of vitamin D in the body more optimally.
Keywords: Elderly; Rheumatoid arthritis; Obesity; Smoking; Economic status; Occupational
Pendahuluan: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) merupakan penyakit autoimun yang paling sering terjadi di masyarakat dan belum diketahui secara pasti penyebabnya. Berdasarkan Data Kota Bandar Lampung, RA berada diurutan keempat dalam profil 10 penyakit terbesar yang muncul sejak tahun 2012. Meski penyebabnya belum diketahui, komplikasi RA sangat berbahaya, mulai dari deformitas sendi & disabilitas, kerusakan organ-organ dalam, hingga kematian.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian rheumatoid arthritis pada lansia di poliklinik rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin (RSPBA) Tahun 2019.
Metode : Penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan kasus control (case control). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien lansia di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 47 kasus dan 47 kontrol. Analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil : Tidak ada hubungan antara status ekonomi (nilai p 0,062) dengan kejadian RA di RSPBA. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok (nilai p 0,042; OR 2,86), diet (nilai p 0,013; OR 3,61), pekerjaan (nilai p 0,000; OR 6,80), dan obesitas (nilai p 0,017; OR 3,25) dengan kejadian RA.
Simpulan: Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian RA pada lansia di poliklinik rawat jalan RSPBA Tahun 2019 adalah pekerjaan (OR 7,8). Disarankan pekerja berisiko untuk menggunakan alat pelindung diri saat bekerja, dan menyediakan waktu melakukan aktifitas fisik di luar ruangan yang menyenangkan sehingga dapat mengurangi stress dan membantu penyerapan vit. D lebih maksimal.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v14i3.2106
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