Factors Affecting The Incidence Of Maternal Preeclampsia

Preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas ibu dan janin. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya preeklampsia adalah usia, paritas, riwayat hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, obesitas, molahidatidosa dan kehamilan ganda. Hasil presurvey didapat data pada tahun 2018 angka kejadian preeklampsia ibu bersalin di RSUD HM Ryacudu Kotabumi sebanyak 68 orang.Tujuan penelitian diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian preeklampsia ibu bersalin di RSUD HM Ryacudu Kotabumi.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Menggunakan data sekunder.Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua ibu bersalin dengan diagnosa preeklampsia yang di rawat di ruang kebidanan dalam masa rentang waktu Januari 2020 – Desember 2022 sebanyak 86 orang ibu bersalin. Sampel yang digunakan adalah total population sebanyak 86 orang ibu bersalin.Analisis data univariat dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat dengan menggunakan (chi-square).

Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil Usia ibu bersalin yang beresiko usia <20 atau >35 tahun sebesar 45 responden (52,3%), riwayat hipertensi ibu yang beresiko sebesar 46 responden (53,5%), paritas ibu yang mengalami resiko 44 responden (51,2%).

Kesimpulan Ada hubungan usia dengan kejadian preeklampsia dengan ρ-value sebesar 0,010 dan OR 3.717, ada hubungan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia dengan ρ-value sebesar 0,001 dan OR 5.612, dan ada hubungan paritas dengan kejadian preeklampsia dengan ρ-value sebesar 0,006 dan OR 4.016.

Peneliti menyarankan ibu untuk menigkatkan kunjungan ANC lebih awal, dan mengajakibu untuk sering mengontrol kehamilan nya agar tidak mengalami resiko pada kehamilan yaitu salah satunya adalah preeklampsia.

Kata kunci : Usia, Riwayat hipertensi, Paritas, Preeklampsia

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Factors that influence the occurrence of preeclampsia include age, parity, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hydatidiform mole, and multiple pregnancies. Pre-survey data from 2018 revealed that there were 68 cases of preeclampsia among delivering mothers at HM Ryacudu General Hospital, Kotabumi, North Lampung. The research objective was to identify the factors affecting the occurrence of preeclampsia among delivering mothers at HM Ryacudu General Hospital of Kotabumi.

This study was a quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach, using secondary data. The population of this study consists of all delivering mothers diagnosed with preeclampsia who were treated in the obstetrics ward from January 2020 to December 2022, totaling 86 delivering mothers. The sample used is the entire population of 86 delivering mothers. Data analysis included univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test.

The results showed that among the delivering mothers, 45 respondents (52.3%) were at risk due to their age being <20 or >35 years, 46 respondents (53.5%) had a history of hypertension which put them at risk, and 44 respondents (51.2%) who experienced risk had parity.

In conclusion, there is a relationship between age and the occurrence of preeclampsia with a ρ-value of 0.010 and an odds ratio (OR) of 3.717. There is a relationship between a history of hypertension and the occurrence of preeclampsia with a ρ-value of 0.001 and an OR of 5.612. There is also a relationship between parity and the occurrence of preeclampsia with a ρ-value of 0.006 and an OR of 4.016.

Researchers recommend that mothers increase their early Antenatal Care (ANC) visits and encourage them to frequently monitor their pregnancies to avoid risks, one of which is preeclampsia.

Keyword : age, hypertensive history, parity, preeclampsia