Maternal Factors And Antenatal Care Visits That Are At Risk For Low Birth Weight (LBW)

Latar Belakang: Bayi berat badan lahir rendah masih merupakan salah satu isu kesehatan global dengan berat lahir kurang dari 2500gram. BBLR mempunyai dampak jangka panjang terhadap kehidupan bayi baru lahir dan anak serta berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan angka kematian dan kecacatan neonatal. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui faktor maternal dan kunjungan antenatal care yang berisiko terhadap kejadian berat badan lahir rendah. Metodelogi : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan case control dengan desain penelitian retrospektif suatu penelitian dengan melakukan pengamatan bersalin dengan BBLR yang melakukan persalinan di Puskesmas Kemayoran dalam satu kali waktu pada waktu bersamaan. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan ibu yang mempunyai umur beresiko (umur <20 dan umur >34 tahun) sebanyak 15 responden (65,2%) melahirkan bayi BBLR, ibu dalam kategori umur beresiko (umur 20-34) sebanyak 8 responden (34,7%) melahirkan bayi BBLR. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian bahwa ibu kategori paritas beresiko (paritas 0 dan paritas lebih dari 4) sebanyak 11 responden (47,8%) melahirkan BBLR. Ibu kategori paritas tidak beresiko sebanyak 12 responden (52,1%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan ibu yang melakukan pelayanan antenatal kurang baik, sebanyak 17 responden (73,9) melahirkan BBLR. ibu yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal yang baik sebanyak 6 (26,9%) melahirkan BBLR. Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko umur didapatkan OR = 4,28 (95%CI:1,4-12,4) bahwa kategori umur ibu beresiko mempunyai peluang melahirkan BBLR 4,28 kali dibandingkan dengan ibu kategori umur yang tidak beresiko. Berdasarkan analisis secara paritas uji statistik didapatkan nilai p = 0,397 dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara paritas terhadap kejadian BBLR. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p = 0,0001, dapat diartikan ada perbedaan yang signifikan persentase BBLR antara ibu yang memiliki kunjungan antenatal kurang baik dengan ibu yang melakukan antenatal baik.

Kata kunci : Maternal, Antenatal Care, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah, Umur, Paritas.

ABSTRACT

Background Low birth weight babies are still one of the global health issues with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams. LBW has a long-term impact on the lives of newborns and children and contributes significantly to the increase in mortality and neonatal disability.Objective: To determine maternal factors and antenatal care visits that are at risk for the incidence of low birth weight.Methodology: The research design used is a quantitative descriptive method with case control approach with a retrospective research design of a study by observing childbirth with LBW who gave birth at the Kemayoran Health Center at one time at the same time.Results: Based on the results of the study, motherswho have a risk age (<20 years old and >34 years old) as many as 15 respondents (65.2%) give birth to LBW babies, mothers in the at-risk age category (20-34 years old) as many as 8 Respondents (34.7%) gave birth to LBW babies. Based on the data from the results of the study, 11 respondents (47.8%) gave birth to LBW in the at-risk parity category (parity 0 and parity more than 4). Mothers in the parity category are not at risk as many as 12 respondents (52.1%). Based on the results of the study, mothers who performed poor antenatal services gave birth to LBW, as many as 17 respondents (73.9) gave birth to LBW. mothers who had good antenatal visits as many as 6 (26.9%) gave birth to LBW.Conclusion:The age risk factor was obtained OR = 4.28 (95%CI: 1.4-12.4) that the age category of mothers at risk had a chance of giving birth to LBW 4.28 times compared to mothers in the age category who were not at risk. Based on the analysis of parity in the statistical test, the value of p = 0.397 can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between parity and the incidence of LBW. Based on the results of the statistical test, a value of p = 0.0001 was obtained, it can be interpreted that there is a significant difference in the percentage of LBW between mothers who had poor antenatal visits and mothers who did good antenatal visits.

Keywords:Maternal, Antenatal Care, Low Birth Weight, Age, Parity.