The Knowledge And Socio-Economic Relationships Of Mothers With Exclusive Breastfeeding

Abstract

Pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi diharapkan dapatmeningkatkan pencapaian target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ke-3 target ke-2 yaitu pada tahun 2030 mengakhiri kematian bayi dan balita, dengan seluruh negara berusaha menurunkan angka kematian neonatal setidaknya hingga 12 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. World Health Organization (WHO) dan United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) (Artini, 2013).Meskipun demikian cakupan ASI eksklusif di seluruh dunia hanya sekitar 37,3% selama periode 2007-2018 (Riskesdas 2018). Rikesdas (2018) juga menjelaskan bahwa perilaku Ibu dalam memberikan MP-ASI dini di Indonesia juga tergolong tinggi, dibuktikan dengan jumlah bayi yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif hanya 30,2% sedangkan bayi yang telah diberikan MP-ASI dini adalah 69,8% dari seluruh total bayi di Indonesia. Bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Nusa Tenggara Timur sebagian besar sudah memperoleh ASI eksklusif, namun karena alasan sosial ekonomi keluarga dan minimnya pengetahuan tentang ASI Ekslusif sehingga masih terdapat Ibu yang memberikan MP-ASI dini kepada bayi sebelum berusia enam bulan yaitu sebanyak 22,2% (Profil Kes. NTT, 2013).Khususnya di Kabupaten Sumba Barat, salah satunya ialah di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabukarudi, tingkat pemberian MP-ASI dini masih cukup tinggi. Sebanyak 12,9% bayi usia 0-6 bulan pada tahun 2014 telah diberi MP-ASI dini seperti air tajin, the, biskuit, dan susu formula. Pada Bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2020 terdapat 68,2% bayi sudah diberikan MP-ASI dini oleh Ibu (Puskesmas Kabukarudi, 2021). Adapun Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis hubungan status sosial ekonomi dan pengetahuan Ibu dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabukarudi Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Metode penelitian adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Terdapat hubungan status sosial ekonomi (pendidikan, pekerjaan dan penghasilan) Ibu dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabukarudi Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Perlunya pencegahan dini terjadinya pemberian MP-ASI dini dengan pelaksanaan program kunjungan rumah secara berkala, pola penyuluhan berdasarkan tingkatan pendidikan dan pengetahuan masyarakat dan proses pengontrolan ketat serta evaluasi pelaksanaan program dalam upaya menurunkan angka kejadian pemberian MP-ASI dini. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan,   Bayi   0-6   Bulan,   Status   Sosial   Ekonomi   Ibu   Menyusui  ABSTRACT Exclusive breastfeeding of infants is expected to improve the achievement of the 3rd Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 2, which is to end infant and under-five mortality by 2030, with all countries striving to reduce neonatal mortality to at least 12 per 1,000 live births. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (Artini, 2013). However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage worldwide was only around 37.3% during 2007-2018 (Riskesdas 2018). Rikesdas (2018) also explains that the behavior of mothers in providing early complementary foods in Indonesia is also relatively high, as evidenced by the number of babies who are exclusively breastfed is only 30.2% while babies who have been given early complementary foods are 69.8% of all babies in Indonesia. Infants aged 0-6 months in East Nusa Tenggara have mostly received exclusive breastfeeding. However, due to socioeconomic reasons and lack of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, there are still mothers who give early complementary foods to infants before the age of six months, as many as 22.2% (Profile Kes. NTT, 2013). Especially in West Sumba Regency, one of which is in the working area of the Kabukarudi Health Center, the level of early complementary feeding is still quite high. 12.9% of infants aged 0-6 months in 2014 were given early complementary foods such as air tajin, biscuits, and formula milk. From January to April 2020, 68.2% of infants were given early solids by their mothers (Puskesmas Kabukarudi, 2021). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and maternal knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Kabukarudi Health Center, West Sumba Regency. The research method is univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between socioeconomic status (education, employment, and income) of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Kabukarudi Health Center, West Sumba Regency. The need for early prevention of early complementary feeding by implementing regular home visit programs, counseling patterns based on the level of education and knowledge of the community, and the process of strict control and evaluation of program implementation to reduce the incidence of early complementary feeding.  Keywords: Knowledge, Infants 0-6 Months, Socioeconomic Status of Breastfeeding Mothers