Multidimensional Analysis of Factors Influencing Obesity Among School Children in Kelapa Gading Area in 2025: A Study of Nutritional Aspects, Physical Activity, Social Environment, and Family Lifestyle
DOI : 10.33024/jkm.v11i2.19238
Latar Belakang: Obesitas pada anak sekolah merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat di seluruh dunia, termasuk di daerah perkotaan seperti Kelapa Gading. Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap obesitas bersifat multidimensional, mencakup kebiasaan nutrisi, tingkat aktivitas fisik, lingkungan sosial, dan gaya hidup keluarga. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor multidimensional yang memengaruhi obesitas pada anak sekolah di Kelapa Gading tahun 2025, dengan fokus pada aspek nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, lingkungan sosial, dan gaya hidup keluarga. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada 300 anak sekolah usia 6-12 tahun di Kelapa Gading. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan wawancara dengan orang tua dan guru. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis meliputi asupan makanan (kalori dan distribusi makronutrien), aktivitas fisik (frekuensi dan intensitas), pengaruh sosial (lingkungan teman sebaya dan sekolah), dan gaya hidup keluarga (kebiasaan orang tua, waktu layar, dan pola tidur). Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengidentifikasi prediktor obesitas yang signifikan. Hasil: Prevalensi obesitas pada populasi penelitian adalah 18,7%. Faktor-faktor utama yang berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas meliputi asupan kalori yang tinggi (p < 0,01), tingkat aktivitas fisik yang rendah (p < 0,01), waktu layar yang berlebihan (p < 0,05), dan obesitas pada orang tua (p < 0,01). Pengaruh sosial seperti dorongan teman untuk mengonsumsi makanan tidak sehat dan program pendidikan jasmani di sekolah juga berperan. Kesimpulan: Obesitas pada anak sekolah di Kelapa Gading dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor nutrisi, fisik, sosial, dan keluarga. Intervensi komprehensif yang mencakup semua dimensi ini sangat penting untuk mengurangi prevalensi obesitas. Saran: Sekolah perlu meningkatkan program aktivitas fisik, dan keluarga diharapkan mengadopsi gaya hidup yang lebih sehat, termasuk pola makan seimbang dan pengurangan waktu layar. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi solusi jangka panjang dan intervensi pada tingkat kebijakan.
Kata Kunci : Obesitas, Anak Sekolah, Kebiasaan Nutrisi, Aktivitas Fisik, Lingkungan Sosial, Gaya Hidup Keluarga, Kelapa Gading, Faktor Resiko, Pengaruh Sosial, Waktu Layar, Intervensi kesehatan
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity in school-age children is an increasing public health issue worldwide, including in urban areas like Kelapa Gading. The factors contributing to obesity are multidimensional, including nutritional habits, physical activity levels, social environment, and family lifestyle..Objective: This study aims to analyze the multidimensional factors influencing obesity in school-age children in Kelapa Gading in 2025, focusing on nutrition, physical activity, social environment, and family lifestyle.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 school-age children aged 6-12 years in Kelapa Gading. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and interviews with parents and teachers. Factors analyzed included food intake (calories and macronutrient distribution), physical activity (frequency and intensity), social influences (peer and school environment), and family lifestyle (parental habits, screen time, and sleep patterns). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify significant predictors of obesity.Results: The prevalence of obesity in the study population was 18.7%. Key factors significantly associated with obesity included high caloric intake (p < 0.01), low physical activity levels (p < 0.01), excessive screen time (p < 0.05), and parental obesity (p < 0.01). Social influences such as peer pressure to consume unhealthy foods and physical education programs at school also played a role.Conclusion: Obesity in school-age children in Kelapa Gading is influenced by a combination of nutritional, physical, social, and family factors. A comprehensive intervention addressing all these dimensions is crucial to reducing the prevalence of obesity. Recommendations: Schools should enhance physical activity programs, and families are encouraged to adopt healthier lifestyles, including balanced diets and reduced screen time. Further research is needed to explore long-term solutions and policy-level interventions.
Keywords: Obesity, School-age Children, Nutritional Habits, Physical Activity, Social Environment, Family Lifestyle, Kelapa Gading, Risk Factors, Social Influences, Screen Time, Health Interventions..
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