Epidemiological Patterns Of Lung Adenocarcinoma With Pleural Metastasis: Lessons From RSUD Ahmad Yani Metro
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Efusi pleura ganas (EPG) merupakan manifestasi stadium lanjut dari berbagai keganasan, paling sering kanker paru, dan berhubungan dengan morbiditas yang tinggi serta prognosis yang buruk. Data epidemiologi menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki dan perokok lebih banyak terdampak, kemungkinan akibat paparan karsinogen dan risiko pekerjaan yang lebih tinggi.
Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan karakteristik demografi, distribusi pekerjaan, dan kebiasaan merokok pada pasien dengan diagnosis EPG, serta membahas kemungkinan penyebab dominasi kasus pada laki-laki dan perokok.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dilakukan pada 77 pasien dengan EPG terkonfirmasi secara sitologi atau histopatologi. Data usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan riwayat merokok diperoleh dari rekam medis dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif.
Hasil: Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (59,4%) dan berusia >40 tahun (96,9%). Pekerjaan terbanyak adalah petani (37,5%), diikuti oleh pekerja konstruksi (15,6%). Sebagian besar pasien (62,5%) adalah perokok, dengan proporsi perokok berat mencapai 43,8%. Dominasi laki-laki perokok mencerminkan paparan karsinogen terkait tembakau dan debu pekerjaan yang lebih tinggi.
Kesimpulan: EPG lebih banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki usia lanjut dengan riwayat merokok signifikan dan pekerjaan berisiko tinggi. Upaya pencegahan sebaiknya difokuskan pada program berhenti merokok dan pengurangan paparan risiko pekerjaan pada kelompok ini.
Saran: Untuk mengatasi meningkatnya beban kanker paru-paru, beberapa strategi kunci direkomendasikan. Memperkuat program skrining kanker paru-paru sangat penting, terutama bagi kelompok berisiko tinggi seperti pria di atas 40 tahun, perokok berat, dan individu dengan paparan karsinogen tinggi di tempat kerja.
Kata kunci: adenokarsinoma paru, efusi pleura ganas, sitologi cairan pleura, merokok, paparan pekerjaan, Indeks Brinkman.
ABSTRACT
Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a late-stage manifestation of various malignancies, most commonly lung cancer, and is associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. Epidemiological data indicate that men and smokers are disproportionately affected, possibly due to higher exposure to carcinogens and occupational hazards.
Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, occupational distribution, and smoking habits of patients diagnosed with MPE, and to discuss possible explanations for the predominance among men and smokers.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 patients with confirmed MPE. Data on age, gender, occupation, and smoking history were obtained from medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The majority of patients were male (59.4%) and aged >40 years (96.9%). Farming was the most common occupation (37.5%), followed by construction work (15.6%). Most patients (62.5%) were smokers, with heavy smokers accounting for 43.8%. The predominance of male smokers reflects higher exposure to tobacco-related carcinogens and occupational dusts.
Conclusion: MPE is more prevalent in older males with significant smoking history and high-risk occupations. Preventive measures should target smoking cessation and reduction of occupational exposures in these groups.
SuggeStion To address the rising burden of lung cancer, several key strategies are recommended. Strengthening lung cancer screening programs is crucial, particularly for high-risk groups such as men over 40 years old, heavy smokers, and individuals with high occupational exposure to carcinogens.
Keywords : lung adenocarcinoma, malignant pleural effusion, pleural fluid cytology, smoking, occupational exposure, Brinkman Index.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v11i8.22116
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