Maternal Chronic Energy Deficiency, Complementary Feeding, And Stunting Among Children Under Two Years
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Stunting masih menjadi salah satu masalah gizi kronis yang berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Meskipun prevalensi stunting di Indonesia dan Provinsi Lampung menunjukkan tren penurunan, stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Natar yang melaporkan 30 kasus stunting pada tahun 2024. Riwayat Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu selama kehamilan dan praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) merupakan faktor yang berpotensi berkaitan dengan kejadian stunting.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan riwayat Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu selama kehamilan dan praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain case-control dan dilaksanakan pada akhir Juli 2025 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Natar. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 117 anak usia di bawah dua tahun. Sampel berjumlah 72 responden, terdiri dari 24 kasus dan 48 kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:2, yang dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, catatan kesehatan, dan pengukuran antropometri. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 0,05.
Hasil: Sebanyak 20,8% ibu memiliki riwayat KEK selama kehamilan dan 79,2% tidak memiliki riwayat KEK. Sebanyak 63,9% responden memiliki praktik pemberian MP-ASI kategori kurang dan 36,1% kategori baik. Riwayat KEK selama kehamilan berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting (p = 0,001; OR = 9,308). Praktik pemberian MP-ASI juga berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting (p = 0,030; OR = 4,231).
Kesimpulan: Riwayat KEK pada ibu selama kehamilan dan praktik pemberian MP-ASI berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun.
Saran: Tenaga kesehatan perlu memperkuat pemantauan status gizi ibu selama kehamilan serta meningkatkan edukasi mengenai praktik pemberian MP-ASI yang tepat kepada ibu dan keluarga sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan stunting.
Kata kunci: stunting, Kekurangan Energi Kronis, MP-ASI, anak di bawah dua tahun, gizi ibu.
ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting remains a major chronic nutritional problem affecting child growth and development. Although prevalence in Indonesia and Lampung Province has declined, stunting remains a public health concern, including in the working area of Natar Community Health Center, where 30 cases were reported in 2024. Maternal Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) during pregnancy and complementary feeding practices are potential factors associated with stunting.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between maternal history of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) during pregnancy, complementary feeding practices, and stunting among children under two years of age.
Methods: This quantitative study employed a case-control design and was conducted in late July 2025 in the working area of Natar Community Health Center. The population consisted of 117 children under two years of age. The sample comprised 72 respondents (24 cases and 48 controls; ratio 1:2) selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire, health records, and anthropometric measurements. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test with α = 0.05.
Results: A total of 20.8% of mothers had a history of CED during pregnancy, whereas 79.2% had no history of CED. Poor complementary feeding practices were reported among 63.9% of respondents, while 36.1% had good practices. Maternal history of CED was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.001; OR = 9.308). Complementary feeding practices were also significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.030; OR = 4.231).
Conclusion: Maternal history of Chronic Energy Deficiency during pregnancy and complementary feeding practices were significantly associated with stunting among children under two years of age.
Suggestions: Health professionals should strengthen maternal nutritional monitoring during pregnancy and improve education on appropriate complementary feeding practices for mothers and families as part of stunting prevention.
Keywords : stunting, Chronic Energy Deficiency, complementary feeding, children under two years, maternal nutrition.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v12i8.26446
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