FAKTORKEHAMILAN DINI, ANTENATAL CARE, ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI TERHADAP STUNTING PADA BALITA RESIKO STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN BONE

St. Malka -  Akademi Kebidanan Batari Toja Watampone, Indonesia
Musni Musni* -  Akademi Kebidanan Batari Toja Watampone, Indonesia
Sitti Fatimah -  Akademi Kebidanan Batari Toja Watampone, Indonesia

ABSTRACT EARLY PREGNANCY, ANTENATAL CARE, ESCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TO STUNTING IN CHIDREN UNDER FIVE

 

Background: stuntingis a major nutritional problem that will have an impact on social and economic life in society. Stunting is a problem because it is associated with an increased risk of illness and death, suboptimal brain development, resulting in delayed motor development and stunted mental growth. Bone is one of the district in south Sulawesi high prevalence of stunting compared with province and national.

Purpose  To determine risk factors early pregnancy, antenatal care, esclusive breastfeeding and nutritional knowledge on stunting among children 12-59 months old.

Mathods:The study used is quantitative witch a designed  case-control study. It was conducted in Kading health centre, Bajoe health centre, and Usa health centre.  with the research time May-Juli 2020. The subjects were children between 12-59 month. The sample in this study were 120 consisting of 40 stunted and 80 normal with gender matching. Subject were chosen by purposive sampling methode. The risk factor were early pregnancy, antenatal care, esclusive breastfeeding, and nutritional knowledge. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate with chis-quare test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval  

Results: The results showed that factors associated with stunting were early pregnancy (P = 0.003) and antenatal care with (P = 0.033), while exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.892) and maternal nutritional knowledge (P = 0.404) were not associated with stunting in under-five. . Early pregnancy variable is the dominant variable in the occurrence of stunting in children under five. Early childhood pregnancy has a 5.00 times higher risk of stunting in children under five compared to mothers who are pregnant at adulthood, and mothers not antenatal care during pregnancy have 2.68 times the risk of stunting compared to mothers antenatal care visit during pregnancy.

Conclusion: The risk factors for stunting  were early pregnancy and antenatal care

Suggestion It is hoped that the government will be even more stringent on the implementation of early marriage, so that there will be no more early marriages and can prevent stunting in toddlers.

 

Keywords: stunting, early pregnancy,  antenatal care

 

ABSTRAK

 

Latar belakang :Stunting adalah masalah gizi utama yang akan berdampak pada kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi dalam masyarakat.  Stunting menjadi permasalahan karena berhubungan dengan menungkatnya risiko terjadinya kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan otak suboptimal sehingga perkembangan motoric terlambat  dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan Kabupaten Bone meruapakan salah satu kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan dengan angka stunting yang cukup signifikan melebihi prevalensi stunting provinsi dan nasional.

Tujuan: untuk menganalisis factor risiko kehamilan usia dini, antenatal care, ASI eksklusif dan pengetahuan gizi ibu terhadap stunting pada balita usia 12 – 59 bulan

Metode : Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Case Control Study. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga puskesmas yaitu Puskesmas Kading, Puskesmas Bajoe dan Puskesmas Usa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2020. dengan subjek adalah anak umur 12 – 59 bulan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 120 balita yang terdiri dari 40 kasus (balita stunting) dan 80 kontrol (balita normal/tidak stunting) dengan Matching jenis kelamin. Metode penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Factor risiko yang diukur adalah kehamilan usia dini, antenatal care (ANC), ASI eksklusif dan pengetahuan gizi ibu. Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan Odds Ratio (OR) 95% CI.

Hasil :  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting adalah kehamilan usia dini (P=0,003) dan antenatal care dengan (P=0.033), sedangkan ASI eksklusif  (P=0,892) dan pengetahuan gizi ibu (P=0,404) tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita. Variabel kehamilan usia dini merupakan variable dominan terjadinya stunting pada balita. Kehamilan usia dini memiliki risiko 5,00 kali lebih tiinggi untuk mengalami stunting pada balita dibandingkan ibu yang hamil pada usia dewasa, ibu yang tidak melakukan antenatal care memiliki risiko 2,68 kali mengalami stunting dibanding ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care. 

Kesimpulan: kehamilan usia dini dan antenatal care merupakan factor risiko terjadinya stunting pada balita

Saran Diharapkan pemeritah lebih ketat lagi terhadap pelaksanaan pernikahan usia dini, agar tidak ada lagi pernikahan usia dini dan bisa mencegah terjadinya stunting pada balita

 

Kata kunci : stunting, kehamilan Dini, antenatal care

 

 

Keywords : promosi kesehatan

  1. Arifin, dkk. (2012). Analisis Sebaran dan Faktor Risiko Stunting pada Balita di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Epidemiologi Komunitas FKUP: Bandung.
  2. Betty. Y. S., Miratul. H., Miratul. H., Desri. S., Ali. K., Che. A. A. 2019. Maternal Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about traditional Food Feeding with Stunting and Wasting of Toddlers in Farmer Families
  3. Departemen Kesehatan RI, (2013). Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Depkess
  4. Irma H, dan Helmi D (2019). Karakteristik Ibu Hamil dan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Kecamatan Tamansari Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Media Informasi Vol.15 No.1
  5. Kementerian Kesehatan. Buku Saku Pemantauan Status Gizi Tahun 2017. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kementerian Kesehatan; 2018.
  6. Kementerian Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.
  7. Khin M. W., Mare V. D. P., Nitaya, V., Kwanjai, A. (2013). Early Pregnancy and Maternal Malnutrition as Precursor of Stunting in Children under Two Years of Age among Bhutanese Refugese, in Nepal Maternal Precursor in Stunting of Children. Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology 18(1). 35-42
  8. Masresha, T., Tefera. B., Getahun, E., 2013. Feeding Patterns and Stunting During Early Childhood in Rural Communities of Sidama South Ethiopia. Pan African M edical Journal 14:75
  9. Profil kesehatan Kabupaten Bone. 2019
  10. Profil Kesehatan Sulawesi Selatan. 2018
  11. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI. 2018. Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. Jakarta
  12. Rahayu A, (2014). Risiko Pendidikan Ibu Terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Anak 6 – 23 Bulan.
  13. Umeta M, West CE, Haidar J, Deurenberg P, Hautvast JG. 2000. Zinc supplementation and stunted infants in Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 355: 2021-6.
  14. Y. Jiang, X. Su, C. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, L. Wang and Y, Cui (2014). Prevalence and Risk Factors for Stunting and Severe Stunting Among Children Under Three years Old in Mid-Western Rural Areas of China.
  15. Zainuddin, (2014). Teknologi Pangan. CV Idea Sejahtera, Yogyakarta.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati

Policies

Submissions

Other

Focus and Scope
Section Policies
Peer Review Process
Publication Frequency
Open Access Policy
Online Submissions
Author Guidelines
Copyright Notice
Privacy Statement
Author Fees
Journal Sponsorship
Journal History
Site Map
About this Publishing System
JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati)