Analisis Korelasi Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) Dan Nilai Cycle Threshold (CT) Dari Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Pasien Covid-19 Di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Periode Juli 2020-Juli 2021

Tisa Angelia, Intanri Kurniati, Hendri Busman, Iswandi Darwis

Sari


COVID-19 merupakan pandemi global yang menyebabkan banyak kematian. Baku emas diagnosis COVID-19 adalah RT-PCR. Pemeriksaan hematologi merupakan screening untuk COVID-19. Keparahan pasien COVID berhubungan dengan penurunan CT value dan limfopenia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi ALC dan nilai CT pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Abdul Moeloek, Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan metode cross sectional yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis periode Juli 2020-Juli 2021. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Primer yang di gunakan yaitu MBioCoV-19 yang menargetkan gen RdRp dan ORF1b dari virus SARS-CoV-2. Nilai CT dinyatakan positif jika <40. Data di analisis menggunakan uji korelasi pearson. Sampel terdiri dari 40 laki-laki (34,8%) dan 75 perempuan (65,2%) dengan rata rata usia 43,61 tahun. Distribusi penyakit penyerta yaitu 34 orang (29,6%) dengan diabetes melitus (13%), hipertensi (9,6%) dan penyakit ginjal (7%). Rerata ALC yaitu 1516,4 Sel/μL. Rerata CT value untuk gen ORF1b dan RdRp masing-masing yaitu 25,479 dan 27,996. Terdapat korelasi positif antara ALC dan CT value gen ORF1b (p=0.032 r=0.2). Terdapat korelasi positif antara ALC dan CT value gen RdRp (p=0.048 r=0.185). Terdapat korelasi positif secara signifikan dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah (ORF1b) dan sangat lemah (RdRp) antara ALC dengan CT value kedua gen spesifik SARS-CoV-2 penyebab COVID-19.


Kata Kunci


Absolute Lymphocyte Count; COVID-19; Cycle Threshold

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Abate, B. B., Kassie, A. M., Kassaw, M. W., Aragie, T. G., & Masresha, S. A. (2020). Sex difference in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open, 10(10), 40129.

Alagarasu, K., Choudhary, M. L., Lole, K. S., Abraham, P., & Potdar, V. (2020). Evaluation of RdRp & ORF-1b-nsp14-based real-time RT-PCR assays for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study. The Indian journal of medical research, 151(5), 483–485.

Allotey, J., Stallings, E., Bonet, M., Yap, M., Chatterjee, S., Kew, T., et al. (2020). Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 370, m3320. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3320

Andreu‐Ballester, J. C., Garcia‐Ballesteros, C., Benet‐Campos, C., Amigo, V., Almela‐Quili, S. A., Mayans, J., et al. (2012). Values for alphabeta and gammadelta T‐lymphocytes and CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ subsets in healthy adult subjects: assessment by age and gender. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 82, 238–44.

Chandra, S., Tripathi, A. K., Mishra, S., Amzarul, M., & Vaish, A. K. (2012). Physiological changes in hematological parameters during pregnancy. Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion: an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 28(3), 144–146.

Chen, W., Xiao, Q., Fang, Z., Lv, X., Yao, M., & Deng, M. (2021). Correlation Analysis between the Viral Load and the Progression of COVID-19. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine.

Choudhuri, J., Carter, J., Nelson, R., Skalina, K., Osterbur-Badhey, M., et al. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 PCR cycle threshold at hospital admission associated with patient mortality. PLOS ONE 15(12), e0244777. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244777

Cohen, G., & Hörl, W. H. (2012). Immune Dysfunction in Uremia-An Update. Toxins, 4(11), 962–990. doi: 10.3390/toxins4110962.

Conti, P., & Younes, A. (2020). Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 34(2), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.23812/Editorial-Conti-3

D’Marco, L. et al. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Clinical Kidney Journal, 13(3), 297–306. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa104

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung. (2021). Data COVID-19 di Provinsi Lampung. [(accessed 18 september 2021)]; Available online: https://COVID19.lampungprov.go.id/

George, C., Matsha, T. E., Erasmus, R. T., Kengne, A. P., (2018). Haematological profile of chronic kidney disease in a mixed-ancestry South African population: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(11), e025694. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025694. PMID: 30391922; PMCID: PMC6231601

Guan, W. J., Liang, W. H., Zhao, Y., Liang, H. R., Chen, Z. S., Li, Y. M., Liu, X. Q., et al. (2020). Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. The European respiratory journal, 55(5), 2000547. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020

Hikmawati, I., Setiyabudi, R. (2021). Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Indonesia: common source and propagated source as a cause for outbreaks. J Infect Dev ctries, 15(5), 646-652. doi: 10.3855/jidc.14240.

Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. doi: 10.1016/ S0140 6736(20)301835

Huang, I., & Pranata, R. (2020). Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis. j intensive care, 8 (36). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4

Illg, Z., Muller, G., Mueller, M., Nippert, J., Allen, B. (2021). Analysis of absolute lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine, 46, 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.054

Jafarzadeh, A., Jafarzadeh, S., Nozari, P., Mokhtari, P., Nemati, M. (2021). Lymphopenia an important immunological abnormality in patients with COVID-19: Possible mechanisms. Scandinavian journal of immunology, 93(2), e12967. https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12967

Jungreis, I., Sealfon, R. & Kellis, M. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 gene content and COVID-19 mutation impact by comparing 44 Sarbecovirus genomes. Nat Commun, 12, 2642. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22905-7

Karyono, D. R., & Wicaksana, A. L. (2020). Current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health. 3(2), 77-84.

Li, Y., Jerkic, M., Slutsky, A. S., Zhang, H. (2020). Molecular mechanisms of sex bias differences in COVID-19 mortality. Critical care, 24(1), 405. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03118-8

Liu, D., Lan, L., Luo, D., Zhao, B., Wei, G., He, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, Y. (2020). Lymphocyte subsets with the lowest decline at baseline and the slow lowest rise during recovery in COVID-19 critical illness patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 167,108341. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108341.

Liu, Y., Liao, W., Wan, L., Xiang, T., Zhang, W. (2021). Correlation Between Relative Nasopharyngeal Virus RNA Load and Lymphocyte Count Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19. Viral Immunol, 34(5), 330-335. Doi:10.1089/vim.2020.0062.

Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Wu, H., Du, H., Liu, L., Shi, H., Wang, C., Xia, Y., et al. (2015). Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Hypertension. American journal of hypertension, 28(11), 1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpv034

Löhr, P., Schiele, S., Arndt, T. T., Grützner, S., Claus, R., Römmele, C., Müller, G., Schmid, C., Dennehy, K. M., Rank, A. (2021). Impact of age and gender on lymphocyte subset counts in patients with COVID-19. Cytometry. Part A: the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, 10.1002/cyto.a.24470.

Maddaloni, E., & Buzzetti, R. (2020). Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 33213321. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3321

Malibari, A. A., Al-Husayni, F., Jabri, A., Al-Amri, A., & Alharbi, M. (2020). A Patient With Dengue Fever and COVID-19: Coinfection or Not?. Cureus, 12(12), e11955.https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11955

Mazzoni, A., Salvati, L., Maggi, L., Capone, M., Vanni, A., Spinicci, M., Mencarini, J., et al. (2020). Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent. J. Clin. Invest, 130(9), 4694-4703.

Mus, R., Abbas, M., Thaslifa., Sunaidi, Y. (2020). Studi Literatur: Tinjauan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Pasien COVID19. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 5(4), 242-252.

Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia. (2020). Apakah Hasil Klinis Cycle Treshold (CT) pada pemeriksaan real time RT-PCR. PAMKI

Pusdatin. (2020). Situasi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI

Rahayu, L. A. D., Admiyanti, J. C., Khalda, Y. I., Ahda, F. R., Agistany, N. F. F., Setiawati, S., Warnaini, C. (2021). Hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, dan obesitas sebagai faktor komorbiditas utama terhadap mortalitas pasien covid-19: sebuah studi literatur. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 9(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i1.342

Roca-Ho, H., Riera, M., Palau, V., Pascual, J., & Soler, M. J. (2017). Characterization of ACE and ACE2 Expression within Different Organs of the NOD Mouse. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(3), 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030563

Rosyanti, L., & Hadi, I. (2020). Respon Imunitas Dan Badai Sitokin Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 Literatur Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Medika, 11(2), 176-201.

Salvatore, P. P., Dawson, P., Wadhwa, A., Rabold, E. M., Buono, S., Dietrich, E. A., et al. (2021). Epidemiological Correlates of Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Values in the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 72(11), e761–e767. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1469

Satuan Gugus Tugas COVID-19. (2021). Data Sebaran. . [(accessed 12 januari 2022 )]; Available online: https://COVID19.go.id/

Schiffrin, E. L., Flack, J. M., Ito, S., Muntner, P., Webb, R. C., Montgolfier, O. De, Thorin-trescases, N., et al. (2020). Hypertension and COVID-19. American Journal of Hypertension, 33(5), 2020.

Sefil, F., Ulutas, K. T., Dokuyucu, R., Sumbul, A. T., Yengil, E., Yagiz, A. E., Gokce, C. (2014). Investigation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and blood glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of International Medical Research, 42, 581–588.

Shang, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Wan, J., Yan, Y., Gao, Y., Cheng, J., Li, Z., Lin, J. (2021). The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China. Am J Med, 134(1), e6-e14. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.033. Epub 2020 Jul 10. PMID: 32653423; PMCID: PMC7350644.

Singanayagam, A., Patel, M., Charlett, A., Lopez Bernal, J., Saliba, V., Ellis, J., Ladhani, S., Zambon, M., Gopal, R. (2020). Duration of infectiousness and correlation with RT-PCR cycle threshold values in cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 25(32), 2001483. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001483

Tavakolpour, S., Rakhshandehroo, T., Wei, E. X., & Rashidian, M. (2020). Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned. Immunology letters, 225, 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.013

Tennessee department of health. (2020). Information on cycle threshold (CT) values for sars-cov-2. Tennessee department of health.

Tom, M. R., & Mina, M. J. (2020). To Interpret the SARS-CoV-2 Test, Consider the Cycle Threshold Value. Clin Infect Dis, 71(16), 2252-2254. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa619 PMID: 32435816.

WHO. (2020). WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. [(accessed 18 september 2021)]; Available online: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-COVID-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-COVID-19-outbreak-a-pandemic di akses 18 september 2021.

Wolfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., et al. (2020). Virological assessment of hospitalized € patients with COVID-2019. Nature, 581(7809), 465–9.

Xu, H., Zhong, L., Deng, J., Peng, J., Dan, H., Zeng, X., Li, T., Chen, Q., (2020). High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci, 12(1), 8.

Yusra, Y., & Pangestu, N. (2020). Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Medica Hospitalia: Journal of Clinical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1a.47

Zafar, M., Shahbaz, M., Karkhanis, M., Abdelbagi, M., Makanjuola, O. A., Pun, B., Randhawa, R. S., et al. (2021). A Retrospective Observational Study: Is Absolute Lymphocyte Count a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19?. Cureus, 13(7), e16554. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16554

Zhang, H., Yang, Z., Zhang, W., Niu, Y., Li, X., Qin, L., Su, Q. (2017). White blood cell subtypes and risk of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications, 31(1), 31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.029. Epub 2016 Oct 29. PMID: 27863973.

Zhang, P., Du, W., Yang, T., Zhao, L., Xiong, R., Li, Y., Geng, Y., Lu, W., & Zhou, J. (2021). Lymphocyte subsets as a predictor of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1177/20587384211048567

Zhao, Q., Meng, M., Kumar, R., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Deng, Y., Weng, Z., Yang, L. (2020). Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis, 96, 131-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.086. Epub 2020 May 4. PMID: 32376308; PMCID: PMC7196544.

Zhu, L., She, Z-G., Cheng, X., Qin, J-J., Zhang, X-J., et al. (2020). Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. https://www.sciencedireCT.com/science/article/pii/S1550413120302382




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v11i7.15326

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


##submission.copyrightStatement##

##submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer##

Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Malahayati Lampung


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.