Pentingnya Deteksi Dini Kelainan Jantung Pada Penderita Hipertensi Melalui Pemeriksaan Ekokardiografi: Pembelajaran Dari Penyaringan Massa

Sigit Pratama Iustitia Nasruddin, Riana Handayani, Erwin Mulia, Indy Masfufah, Terrance Ransun, Rony Mario Chandrasatria, Nuka Meriedlona, Dwi Krisnawati, Gadih Ranti Endamatriza, Niputu Alit Trisnawati, Novitri Yulistiawati, Ines Vidal Tanto, Rekha Nova Iyos, Eliza Techa Fattimah, Charles Krisnandi, Senja Nurhayati

Sari


Hipertensi merupakan penyebab utama penyakit kardiovaskular dan kematian dini di seluruh dunia. Perubahan patofisiologi jantung akibat hipertensi terjadi secara diam-diam tanpa menimbulkan gejala. Deteksi dini dalam bentuk skrining dapat membantu mengidentifikasi kelompok berisiko tinggi guna mengurangi morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prevalensi perubahan ekokardiografi pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian Cross-Sectional ini menggunakan data program skrining massal pada 21 Mei 2023, di Rumah Sakit Harapan Bunda, Lampung Tengah, Indonesia. Kriteria inklusi meliputi orang dewasa berusia ≥18 tahun yang sebelumnya sudah terdiagnosis hipertensi. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup subjek dengan riwayat kelainan ekokardiografi yang sudah terdeteksi sebelumnya. Dari 600 peserta, 388 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi/eksklusi. Dari keseluruhan subjek, 50% mengidap hipertensi stadium 1, 27% hipertensi stadium 2, dan 23% hipertensi stadium 3. Abnormalitas jantung ditemukan pada 56% subjek, dengan 98% pasien memiliki abnormalitas TAPSE, 83% memiliki kelainan katup, 78% memiliki RMWA, 45% memiliki abnormalitas dimensi ruang jantung, dan 13% pasien memiliki ejeksi fraksi <40%. Tingginya prevalensi kerusakan organ target jantung secara diam-diam menunjukkan nilai potensial skrining ekokardiografi dalam mengidentifikasi gangguan jantung pada pasien dengan riwayat hipertensi meskipun tanpa gejala.


Kata Kunci


Ekokardiografi; Hipertensi; Kelainan Jantung; Skrining

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v11i9.17364

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