Peran Melanocortin Receptor (MCR) Tipe 3 Sebagai Faktor Protektif Pada Pneumonia Geriatri : Studi Literatur

Dicky Wahyudi, Diniwati Mukhtar, Tjandra Yoga Aditama, Himmi Marsiati

Sari


Usia lanjut menjadi salah satu faktor risiko paling penting untuk pneumonia. Pada kelompok lanjut usia yang menderita pneumonia, tanda-tanda klinis seringkali tidak khas, dan terdapat risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami kegagalan organ (pernapasan, ginjal atau jantung), kehilangan fungsi yang lebih besar dan, akibatnya, prognosis yang lebih buruk. Hal ini didasari oleh adanya mikroaspirasi patogen yang akan menginduksi pertahanan host. Sejumlah modulator peradangan endogen termasuk melanokortin terbukti dapat menghambat proses inflamasi dan membantu mencegah kerusakan jaringan. Peptida melanokortin telah terbukti menurunkan regulasi aktivasi nukleus faktor-kappa beta dan akibatnya sintesis sitokin pada fase awal akan menginduksi protein anti-inflamasi. Diketahui keberadaan reseptor MC3R pada makrofag alveolar menunjukkan aktif secara fungsional. MC3R terutama terlibat dalam efek imunomodulator. Aktivasi MC3R tidak hanya mengurangi produksi mediator pro-inflamasi, namun dapat mengatur diferensiasi sel serta kemotaksis leukosit. Melanokortin saat ini dapat ditambahkan ke sebagian besar mediator pro-resolusi melalui kemampuannya untuk meningkatkan fagositosis dan eferositosis. Namun, sejauh ini belum ada data terkait MC3R pada pasien pneumonia geriatri. Diperkirakan sifat MC3R akan menentukan fungsi lain/sifat biologis melanokortin dalam aspek resolusi inflamasi pada kasus pneumonia geriatrik


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Faktor protektif; Melanocortin Receptor; Pneumonia

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v11i12.17608

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