Hubungan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Status Gizi, Dan Status Imunisasi Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Anak Di RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda

Andi Hafiz Rajendra, Muhammad Buchori, Abdillah Iskandar

Sari


Pneumonia merupakan sebuah peradangan parenkim paru yang terdiri dari gejala batuk berdahak, kesulitan bernafas, dan/atau demam. Pneumonia menyerang anak-anak di seluruh dunia secara umum sebagai komplikasi dari berbagai penyakit dengan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi di negara-negara berkembang salah satunya Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara berbagai faktor resiko umum seperti usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, dan status imunisasi pada anak dengan insidensi pneumonia. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional analitik dengan metode cross sectional sehingga tidak ada intervensi yang diberikan pada variabel. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan ada hubungan antara pneumonia dengan usia (p=0,016), status gizi (p=0,045), dan status imunisasi (p=0,033) sementara tidak ditemukan hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian pneumonia. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia, status gizi, dan status imunisasi anak dengan insiden pneumonia.


Kata Kunci


Jenis kelamin; pneumonia anak; usia; jenis; status gizi; status imunisasi

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Afriani, B., & Oktavia, L. (2021). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia pada Bayi. Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Science Kesehatan, 13(2), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.36729/bi.v9i1.126

Chen, L., Miao, C., Chen, Y., Han, X., Lin, Z., Ye, H., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Li, J., Tang, Q., Dong, Y., Bai, M., Zhu, Y., & Liu, G. (2021). Age-specific risk factors of severe pneumonia among pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01042-3

Firdaus, F. S., Chundrayetti, E., & Nurhajjah, S. (2021). Hubungan Status Gizi, Umur, dan Jenis Kelamin dengan Derajat Pneumonia pada Balita di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(1), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v2i1.418

Galeas-Pena, M., McLaughlin, N., & Pociask, D. (2019). The role of the innate immune system on pulmonary infections. 400(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0304

Glynn, J. R., & Moss, P. A. H. (2020). Systematic analysis of infectious disease outcomes by age shows lowest severity in school-age children. Scientific Data, 7(1), 329. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00668-y

Holipah, Maharani, A., & Kuroda, Y. (2018). Determinants of immunization status among 12- to 23-month-old children in Indonesia (2008–2013): A multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health, 18, 288. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5193-3

Karaoglan, M., & Nacarkahya, G. (2021). Immunological interpretation of minipuberty: Minipuberty as the driving force of sexual dimorphism in the immune response. Clinical Endocrinology, 94(4), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14384

Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia. (2022). Profil kesehatan indonesia 2021. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kharisma, D. S., & Zahra, B. A.-S. (2022). Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia among Inpatient of Children Under Five Years. Muhammadiyah Medical Journal, 3(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.24853/mmj.3.2

Kliegman, R. M. (2020). Nelson textbook of pediatrics (21st edition). Elsevier.

Knebusch, N., Mansour, M., Vazquez, S., & Coss-Bu, J. A. (2023). Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Lung Disease. Nutrients, 15(19), 4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194142

Lambert, L., & Culley, F. J. (2017). Innate Immunity to Respiratory Infection in Early Life. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 1570. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01570

Marangu, D., & Zar, H. J. (2019). Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 32, 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2019.06.001

McAllister, D. A., Liu, L., Shi, T., Chu, Y., Reed, C., Burrows, J., Adeloye, D., Rudan, I., Black, R. E., Campbell, H., & Nair, H. (2019). Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: A systematic analysis. Lancet Global Health, 7, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30408-X

Moraes-Pinto, M. I. de, Suano-Souza, F., & Aranda, C. S. (2021). Immune system: Development and acquisition of immunological competence. Jornal de Pediatria, 97, S59–S66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.006

Rehman, S., & Bacha, D. (2024). Embryology, Pulmonary. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544372/

Renault, C. H., Aksglaede, L., Wøjdemann, D., Hansen, A. B., Jensen, R. B., & Juul, A. (2020). Minipuberty of human infancy – A window of opportunity to evaluate hypogonadism and differences of sex development? Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 25(2), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2040094.047

Rizqullah, N., Zulmansyah, & Mirasari, P. (2021). Hubungan Status Imunisasi Dasar terhadap Pneumonia pada Pasien Balita Rawat Inap di RSIA Respati Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan Dan Sains, 3(1), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v3i1.7296

Sakleshpur, S., & Steed, A. (2022). Influenza: Toward understanding the immune response in the young. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.953150

Sara, D., C., B. M., & Diederik, van de B. (2022). Sex and Gender Differences in Bacterial Infections. Infection and Immunity, 90(10), e00283-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00283-22

Semmes, E. C., Chen, J.-L., Goswami, R., Burt, T. D., Permar, S. R., & Fouda, G. G. (2020). Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 595297. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.595297

Setyoningrum, R. A., & Mustiko, H. (2020). Risk factors of very severe pneumonia incidence in children. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia, 40(4), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v40i4.147

Susila, I. N. W. S., Suryawan, I. W. B., & Widiasa, A. A. M. (2021). Association between Nutritional Status and Severity Of Pneumonia among Children under Five Years attending Wangaya District Hospital. Warmadewa Medical Journal, 6(1), 30–36.

https://doi.org/10.22225/wmj.6.1.1964.30-36

Sutriana, V. N., Sitaresmi, M. N., & Wahab, A. (2021). Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: A case-control study in a high prevalence area in Indonesia. Clin Exp Pediatr, 64(11), 588–595. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00339

UNICEF. (2023). Pneumonia. [Internet]. Tersedia dari: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/pneumonia/

Vissing, N. H., Chawes, B. L., Rasmussen, M. A., & Bisgaard, H. (2018). Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Infection in Early Childhood. Pediatrics, 141(6), e20170933. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0933

World Health Organization. (2020). The Top 10 Causes of Death. [Internet]. Tersedia dari: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

World Health Organization. (2022). Pneumonia in children. [Internet]. Tersedia dari: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia

Yang, F., Yang, Y., Zeng, L., Chen, Y., & Zeng, G. (2021). Nutrition Metabolism and Infections. Infectious Microbes & Diseases, 3(3). https://journals.lww.com/imd/fulltext/2021/09000/nutrition_metabolism_and_infections.4.aspx

Yitbarek, K., Abraham, G., Girma, T., Tilahun, T., & Woldie, M. (2020). The effect of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination in preventing severe infectious respiratory diseases other than TB: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine, 38(41), 6374–6380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.018




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v12i2.17649

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


##submission.copyrightStatement##

##submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer##

Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Malahayati Lampung


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.