Congenital Dengue: Tinjauan Literatur

Vidya Chatmayani Mulya, Said Qadaru Alaydrus

Sari


Congenital dengue, meskipun jarang, terjadi akibat transmisi vertikal virus dengue (DENV) dari ibu hamil yang terinfeksi kepada janinnya, seringkali ketika tidak ada cukup waktu untuk transfer antibodi protektif maternal.  Dengue adalah penyakit demam akut yang endemik di negara tropis seperti Indonesia, disebabkan oleh DENV yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti, dengan empat serotipe (DEN 1-4).  Manifestasi klinis pada neonatus seringkali non-spesifik, menyerupai sepsis neonatal awitan awal, dan dapat meliputi demam, ruam, trombositopenia, hepatomegali, serta perdarahan spontan.  Diagnosis meliputi anamnesis menyeluruh, pemeriksaan fisik, dan tes laboratorium seperti hitung darah rutin (menunjukkan leukopenia, trombositopenia, dan peningkatan hematokrit), tes fungsi hati, serta konfirmasi definitif melalui deteksi antigen NS1, asam nukleat virus, atau antibodi (IgM/IgG) dari sampel neonatus dan tali pusar.  Tatalaksana mengikuti pedoman nasional untuk dengue pediatri, menekankan perawatan suportif, resusitasi cairan, dan dukungan nutrisi, yang seringkali memerlukan rawat inap.  Deteksi dini dan manajemen yang cepat sangat penting untuk prognosis, karena diagnosis yang terlambat dapat menyebabkan komplikasi parah seperti kerusakan hati, distres pernapasan, dan perdarahan intrakranial, dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas.


Kata Kunci


Congenital Dengue; Transmisi Vertikal; Dengue Neonatal; Diagnosis; Tatalaksana

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v12i6.21038

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