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Peran Polimorfisme Gen ADIPOQ terhadap Risiko Obesitas: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
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Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang dipengaruhi oleh interaksi kompleks antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Salah satu faktor genetik utama yang berperan adalah polimorfisme pada gen adipokin, khususnya ADIPOQ, yang mengodekan hormon adiponektin. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini, menggunakan pendekatan PRISMA dengan 21 artikel yang disertakan dari total 189 artikel yang diidentifikasi, menyoroti peran penting polimorfisme gen ADIPOQ dalam patogenesis obesitas dan fenotipe terkait obesitas, dengan menelaah artikel terpilih dari PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Scopus periode 2015–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa variasi genetik seperti rs266729, rs1501299, rs822396, rs2241766, rs17300539, dan rs182052 pada gen ADIPOQ secara signifikan berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar adiponektin, peningkatan risiko obesitas, dan fenotipe terkait obesitas di berbagai populasi. Perbedaan efek polimorfisme antar populasi menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan personal dan berbasis bukti genetik dalam pencegahan serta pengelolaan obesitas, sekaligus mendorong perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut pada populasi Indonesia untuk memperkaya pemahaman lokal dan strategi penanganan yang lebih efektif.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i4.21587
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