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Entomoterapi Sebagai Pendekatan Baru Dalam Pengembangan Agen Terpeutik Berbasis Insekta: Sebuah Tinjauan Naratif
Sari
Entomoterapi, yaitu pemanfaatan insekta dan produk turunannya sebagai agen terapeutik, semakin menarik perhatian sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif baru dalam dunia medis. Meskipun penggunaan insekta telah lama dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional, bukti ilmiah terkait efektivitas dan keamanan kliniknya masih terbatas. Tinjauan ini merangkum temuan terkini mengenai senyawa terapeutik berbasis insekta serta menilai potensi farmakologisnya. Berbagai molekul yang dihasilkan oleh insekta menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antioksidan, imunomodulator, antitumor, dan penyembuhan luka, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang biomedis. Artikel ini disusun menggunakan pendekatan narrative review melalui penelusuran Pustaka pada PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar terhadap publikasi tahun 2015-2025 dengan focus pada senyawa bioaktif insekta dan aplikasinya dalam bidang medis. Karakterisasi molekuler, standarisasi metode ekstraksi, penentuan dosis, serta profil toksisitas masih belum memadai. Isu keamanan, terutama alergenisitas dan kemungkinan reaktivitas silang, juga belum dipahami dengan baik sehingga menghambat penerapannya secara klinis. Perbedaan spesies insekta, teknik preparasi, dan variasi kandungan bioaktif turut menjadi tantangan dalam memastikan reprodusibilitas dan standardisasi terapeutik. Bukti yang tersedia, sebagian besar berasal dari penelitian in vitro dan in vivo, menunjukkan prospek yang menjanjikan tetapi belum cukup kuat untuk memastikan efikasi klinis. Diperlukan penelitian komprehensif melalui uji terkontrol, penelusuran mekanisme kerja, dan evaluasi efek samping untuk memvalidasi manfaat entomoterapi dan memastikan keamanannya. Secara keseluruhan, entomoterapi menawarkan peluang besar sebagai pendekatan terapeutik baru, namun memerlukan dasar ilmiah yang lebih kuat sebelum dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam praktik kedokteran modern.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i7.23735
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