Distraksi Berbasis Mainan Dan Lolipop Untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Praoperatif Pada Pasien Pediatri: Sebuah Scoping Review

Agung Manik Septiana Putra, Kadek Agus Heryana Putra, Putu Herdita Sudiantara

Sari


Kecemasan praoperasi umum terjadi pada pasien anak. Intervensi distraksi nonfarmakologis semakin banyak dieksplorasi sebagai alternatif manajemen farmakologis. Tinjauan cakupan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan bukti yang tersedia mengenai intervensi distraksi berbasis mainan dan permen lolipop untuk mengurangi kecemasan praoperasi pada pasien anak. Tinjauan ini mengikuti kerangka kerja tinjauan cakupan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Pencarian literatur dilakukan di PubMed/PMC, Frontiers, BMC/ScienceDirect, dan Wiley Online Library untuk studi yang diterbitkan tahun 2018 –2025. Sebanyak 326 artikel awal diidentifikasi. Setelah penghapusan duplikat dan penyaringan judul, abstrak, dan teks lengkap berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya, lima studi dimasukkan dalam tinjauan akhir. Studi yang memenuhi syarat melibatkan pasien anak berusia 0 – 18 tahun yang menjalani operasi dengan anestesi umum atau regional yang menerima intervensi distraksi berbasis mainan atau permen lolipop. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terapi nonfarmakologis efektif mengurangi kecemasan praoperasi dan, dalam beberapa penelitian, menunjukkan hasil sebanding atau lebih unggul daripada premedikasi sedatif tanpa efek samping farmakologis. Intervensi berbasis mainan juga meningkatkan kerja sama anak dan mengurangi kecemasan orang tua. Distraksi berbasis permen lolipop menunjukkan profil keamanan yang baik dan berkontribusi pada peningkatan perilaku pascaoperasi, khususnya dalam mengurangi emergence agitation, meskipun bukti langsung mengenai pengurangan kecemasan praoperasi masih terbatas. Bukti yang tersedia terbatas karena jumlah penelitian yang sedikit, metode intervensi yang heterogen, dan variabilitas dalam pengukuran hasil. Meskipun demikian, intervensi ini dapat dipertimbangkan untuk mengatasi kecemasan dan perilaku perioperatif pada pasien anak. Studi berkualitas tinggi lebih lanjut dengan metodologi standar diperlukan untuk memperkuat bukti dan mendukung implementasi klinis yang lebih luas.


Kata Kunci


Anestesi Pediatrik; Distraksi Nonfarmakologis; Kecemasan Praoperatif; Lolipop; Permainan Terapeutik

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i5.24756

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