Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Gelidium Latifolium Terhadap Ekspresi Protein EGFR Pada Kanker Serviks: Studi In Vitro Pada Sel HeLa

Salwa Afifah Maharani, Feliks Richard Zen Chandra, Athallah Jemila Maharani Balqis, Waode Nurul Iman Albaiti, Budiono Raharjo, Deddy Hartanto, Farida Anggraini Soetedjo, Stephani Linggawan, Yohanes Timothy Raharjo, Anton Sumarpo

Sari


Kanker serviks tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan global dengan tingkat insidensi yang tinggi di Indonesia, sementara akses terhadap terapi konvensional masih terbatas. Ekspresi berlebih (overexpression) dari epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) berperan penting dalam patogenesis kanker serviks yang diinduksi oleh infeksi human papillomavirus (HPV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak etanol Gelidium latifolium terhadap ekspresi protein EGFR pada galur sel HeLa secara in vitro. Ekstraksi dilakukan melalui maserasi bertingkat menggunakan etanol 96%. Sel HeLa dikultur dalam medium DMEM dan diberi perlakuan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 0 (kontrol), 200, 300, dan 400 µg/mL selama 24 dan 48 jam. Viabilitas sel dinilai menggunakan uji CCK-8, sedangkan ekspresi protein EGFR dianalisis melalui teknik imunofluoresensi menggunakan antibodi anti-EGFR terkonjugasi FITC dan pewarnaan inti DAPI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tersebut menekan viabilitas sel secara dose-dependent (bergantung pada dosis), namun tidak bergantung waktu dengan nilai R²=0,9967 per 24 jam dan R²=0,9986 per 24 jam (p=0,1991), dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 276,8 µg/mL (24 jam) dan 246,6 µg/mL (48 jam). Selanjutnya, ekspresi protein EGFR menurun secara signifikan seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak, menunjukkan tingkat ekspresi sebesar 72,4% (200 µg/mL, p<0,05), 48,7% (300 µg/mL, p<0,01), dan 25,3% (400 µg/mL, p<0,001) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sebagai kesimpulan, ekstrak etanol Gelidium latifolium secara efektif menurunkan ekspresi protein EGFR pada sel HeLa secara in vitro, menyoroti potensinya untuk dikembangkan sebagai terapi adjuvan alami yang berbiaya rendah dan berkelanjutan untuk kanker serviks.


Kata Kunci


Gelidium latifolium; kanker serviks; sel HeLa; EGFR

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i8.25641

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