ABSTRACT

Speech development delay is a common speech and language disorder in preschool children, evidence suggests that untreated speech and language delay occurs in 40%-60% of children worldwide. This literature review aims to identify the determinants of speech delay in children. A search for articles on the determinants of speech delay in children was conducted in November 2023. Databases used included Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SINTA using the keywords 'determinants, speech delay, and children'. Five articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria and were published in the last five years from 2018 to 2023. From the 5 articles that meet the criteria of this literature, it is found that the factors that affect children's developmental delays are breastfeeding for 6 months, exposure to gadgets, nutritional status, parental attitudes, economy, interaction, and child gender. Speech delay can be recognized quickly, but due to complex causal factors and the attitude of parents who often consider it common, treatment is delayed.

Keywords: Determinant, Speech Delay, Children

ABSTRAK

Keterlambatan perkembangan bicara merupakan gangguan bicara dan bahasa yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak prasekolah, bukti menunjukkan bahwa keterlambatan bicara dan bahasa yang tidak tertangani  terjadi pada 40%-60% anak-anak di dunia. literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan keterlambatan bicara pada anak. Pencarian artikel mengenai determinan keterlambatan bicara pada anak dilakukan pada bulan November 2023. Database yang digunakan antara lain Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, dan SINTA dengan menggunakan kata kunci ‘determinan, speech delay, dan children’. Artikel yang dipilih sebanyak 5 artikel yang memenuhi peryaratan kriteria inklusi dan diterbitkan lima tahun terakhir tepatnya tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Dari 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria literatur ini didapatkan faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan perkembangan anak yaitu ASI selama 6 bulan, paparan gadget, status gizi, sikap orang tua, ekonomi, interaksi, dan jenis kelamin anak. Keterlambatan bicara dapat diketahui dengan cepat, tetapi karena faktor penyebab yang kompleks dan sikap orang tua yang sering mengganggap hal tersebut umum terjadi, penanganan pun menjadi terlambat.

Kata kunci: Determinan, Keterlambatan Bicara, Anak

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