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Health Belief Model Pada Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (Sadari) Terhadap Wanita : Systematic Review
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ABSTRACT
The leading cause of mortality for women is breast cancer, a common illness. In the world, approximately a million new cases are found each year. The rising incidence of this disease is caused by a number of risk factors, including age, genetics, and lifestyle choices. The government-sponsored breast self-examination (BSE) program is one method of early breast cancer detection. Despite the program's effectiveness, minimal participation persists. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) paradigm, research has demonstrated improvements in health behaviors like BSE. Systematically identify and analyze various literature regarding the effectiveness of using interventions based on the Health Belief Model theory on BSE practice behavior for women. This research uses a systematic review method, collecting data from scientific journals, clinical reports, and other related publications, namely Pubmed, Science Direct, Sagejournal. The inclusion criteria set are original research articles, in English and published within the 2014-2024 period. The sample used in this research ranged in age from 16-80 years and was conducted on women. Based on the search results, 6 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria. The articles obtained prove that the use of HBM-based interventions is effective in increasing knowledge, perceptions, skills, and in some cases, behavior related to BSE practice. HBM-based interventions are effective in increasing BSE knowledge and skills, but behavior change requires long-term support. Mass and visual media are also effective in increasing awareness.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, BSE, Health Belief Model, Women
ABSTRAK
Penyebab utama kematian perempuan adalah kanker payudara, penyakit yang umum. Di dunia, sekitar satu juta kasus baru ditemukan setiap tahunnya. Meningkatnya kejadian penyakit ini disebabkan oleh sejumlah faktor risiko, antara lain usia, genetik, dan pilihan gaya hidup. Program pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) yang disponsori pemerintah merupakan salah satu metode deteksi dini kanker payudara. Meskipun program ini efektif, partisipasinya masih sangat minim. Berdasarkan paradigma Health Belief Model (HBM), penelitian telah menunjukkan perbaikan dalam perilaku kesehatan seperti SADARI. Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis dari berbagai literatur secara sistematik terkait efektifitas penggunaan intervensi berbasis teori Health Belief Model pada perilaku praktik SADARI terhadap wanita. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan sistematis, mengumpulkan data dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan klinis, dan publikasi terkait lainnya yaitu Pubmed, Science Direct, Sagejournal. Adapun kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan yaitu artikel penelitian original, berbahasa inggris dan di publikasikan dalam rentang waktu 2014-2024. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berusia berkisar 16-80 tahun dan dilakukan pada wanita. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian, ditemukan 6 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dari artikel yang didapatkan membuktikan bahwa penggunaan intervensi berbasis HBM efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, persepsi, keterampilan, dan pada beberapa kasus, perilaku terkait prakek SADARI. Intervensi berbasis HBM efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan SADARI, namun perubahan perilaku memerlukan dukungan jangka panjang. Media massa dan visual juga efektif meningkatkan kesadaran.
Kata Kunci: Kanker Payudara, SADARI, Health Belief Model, Wanita
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v7i8.17784
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