ABSTRACT

Bacterial skin infections are among the most frequently encountered health problems, particularly affecting pre-school and school-aged children. One of the most common superficial skin infections is impetigo, caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and characterized by fragile pustular lesions that form honey-colored crusts. Transmission occurs through direct skin contact or indirectly via contaminated objects. Effective management of impetigo requires accurate diagnosis, proper selection of both topical and systemic antibiotic therapies, and preventive measures to halt further transmission. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific journals focusing on the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic treatments, challenges related to resistance, and relevant prevention strategies. The review reveals that topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, fusidic acid, retapamulin, and ozenoxacin are effective for mild to moderate cases, while systemic antibiotics are reserved for more severe or widespread infections. Preventive efforts that emphasize personal hygiene and environmental sanitation also play a crucial role in breaking the chain of transmission. A comprehensive and rational approach to impetigo management can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce complications across various levels of healthcare services.

Keywords: Impetigo, Skin Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Antibiotics

ABSTRAK

Infeksi kulit akibat bakteri merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemui, terutama pada anak-anak usia pra-sekolah hingga usia sekolah. Salah satu bentuk infeksi kulit superfisial yang paling umum adalah impetigo, yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes, dengan gejala khas berupa lesi pustularyang mudah pecah dan membentuk krusta berwarna madu. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan benda yang terkontaminasi. Penatalaksanaan impetigo membutuhkan diagnosis yang akurat, pemilihan terapi antibiotik yang tepat baik topikal maupun sistemik, serta langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari penyebaran lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis jurnal ilmiah yang membahas efektivitas dan keamanan terapi antibiotik, tantangan resistensi, serta strategi pencegahan yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik topikal seperti mupirocin, asam fusidat, retapamulin, dan ozenoxacin efektif untuk kasus ringan hingga sedang, sementara antibiotik sistemikdigunakan pada kasus yang berat atau meluas. Strategi pencegahan berbasis kebersihan diri dan lingkungan juga memainkan peran penting dalam memutus rantai penularan. Dengan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan rasional, impetigo dapat ditangani secara efektif dan komplikasi dapat diminimalkan di berbagai tingkat layanan kesehatan.

Kata Kunci: Impetigo, Infeksi Kulit, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Antibiotik

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