Pengaruh Pola Asuh dari Berbagai Budaya Internasional Terhadap Perkembangan Psikososial pada Usia Anak - Anak dan Remaja: A Scoping Review

Iceu Amira, Hendrawati Hendrawati

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ABSTRACT

 

Parenting styles are very important for the psychosocial development of children and adolescents, yet many psychosocial problems still indicate a lack of understanding of effective parenting styles. This research aims to examine the influence of cross-cultural parenting styles on psychosocial development. This research method uses a Scoping Review to analyze Indonesian and English articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer over the past 10 years. Thirteen English and Indonesian articles were obtained according to the inclusion criteria, and the review results showed that parenting style has a significant impact on psychosocial development. Authoritarian parenting styles are often associated with increased social anxiety, depression, self-harm, and emotional-behavioral problems. Conversely, democratic and warm parenting styles tend to reduce social anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues, while also improving emotional regulation, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment. A father's warmth reduces anxiety, while a mother's overprotection can actually increase it. Cultural context also influences the effectiveness of parenting styles. Self-esteem, resilience, parental support, and the mother's part-time work are other important factors. Generally, culturally influenced parenting styles have a significant impact, with authoritarian styles often being negative, and democratic/authoritative styles tending to be positive. Additionally, further research is needed to specifically understand how various cultural dimensions (besides traditional values) influence the effectiveness of different parenting styles. Based on the presentation of the thirteen articles reviewed, it can be concluded that parental parenting styles play a significant role in shaping the mental health, emotional regulation, and social behavior of children and adolescents.

 

Keywords: Parenting Styles, Culture, Psychosocial Development, Adolescent Children, Mental Health Nursing.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Pola asuh sangat penting bagi perkembangan psikososial anak dan remaja, namun masih banyak masalah psikososial yang menunjukkan kurangnya pemahaman pola asuh efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pola asuh lintas budaya terhadap perkembangan psikososial. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Scoping Review untuk menganalisis  artikel berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris dari PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Springer dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Didapatkan 13 artikel berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, hasill tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap perkembangan psikososial. Pola asuh otoriter seringkali dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kecemasan sosial, depresi, self-harm, dan masalah emosional-perilaku. Sebaliknya, pola asuh demokratis dan hangat cenderung mengurangi kecemasan sosial, depresi, dan masalah perilaku, sekaligus meningkatkan regulasi emosi, harga diri, serta penyesuaian psikologis. Kehangatan ayah mengurangi kecemasan, sedangkan overproteksi ibu justru bisa meningkatkannya. Konteks budaya juga memengaruhi efektivitas pola asuh. Harga diri, resiliensi, dukungan orang tua, dan pekerjaan ibu paruh waktu adalah faktor-faktor penting lainnya. Secara umum, pola asuh yang dipengaruhi budaya berdampak   signifikan,  dengan  gaya  otoriter  sering negatif,  dan demokratis/autoritatif cenderung positif. Selain itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami secara spesifik bagaimana berbagai dimensi budaya (selain nilai tradisi) memengaruhi efektivitas gaya pengasuhan yang berbeda. Berdasarkan pemaparan tiga belas artikel yang dikaji, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gaya pengasuhan orang tua secara signifikan berperan dalam pembentukan kesehatan mental, regulasi emosi, serta perilaku sosial anak dan remaja. 

 

Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh, Budaya, Perkembangan Psikososial, Anak Remaja, Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa.


Kata Kunci


Pola asuh, budaya, perkembangan psikososial, anak remaja, keperawatan kesehatan jiwa.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i5.22857

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