Panduan Penulisan
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemanfaatan Layanan Upaya Berhenti Merokok di Puskesmas: Literature Review
Sari
ABSTRACT
Smoking contributes to the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. In 2023, Indonesia had approximately 70 million active smokers, with 56.5% aged 15–19 years. Smoking cessation is difficult due to nicotine dependence. Although smoking cessation services (Upaya Berhenti Merokok/UBM) are provided free of charge at primary health centers (Puskesmas), their utilization remains low, indicating barriers at both individual and health system levels. This study aims to identify factors influencing the utilization of smoking cessation services at primary health centers. A literature review was conducted using electronic databases, particularly Google Scholar, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. The search employed the keyword “utilization of smoking cessation services at primary health centers.”The findings indicate that smoking cessation services at primary health centers face multiple challenges. Factors influencing utilization include individual motivation, knowledge of smoking risks, social support, the role of health workers, and satisfaction with health services. The utilization of smoking cessation services is strongly influenced by a combination of individual, social, and health system factors. Strengthening health worker involvement, enhancing public awareness, and improving service quality are essential to increase service utilization at primary health centers.
Keywords: Smoking Cessation, Primary Health Centers, Health Workers, Motivation, Service Utilization.
ABSTRAK
Merokok merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) seperti hipertensi, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK), Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK), dan stroke. Pada tahun 2023, terdapat sekitar 70 juta perokok aktif di Indonesia, dengan 56,5% di antaranya berusia 15–19 tahun. Berhenti merokok bukan hal yang mudah karena adanya ketergantungan nikotin. Meskipun layanan Upaya Berhenti Merokok (UBM) telah disediakan secara gratis di puskesmas, tingkat pemanfaatannya masih tergolong rendah, yang menunjukkan adanya hambatan baik dari sisi individu maupun sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan Upaya Berhenti Merokok (UBM) di puskesmas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dengan mengakses artikel ilmiah melalui database Google Scholar dari tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Proses pencarian dilakukan menggunakan kata kunci “pemanfaatan layanan upaya berhenti merokok di puskesmas”. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan layanan UBM di puskesmas masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Pemanfaatan layanan dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu (motivasi dan pengetahuan), faktor sosial, serta peran dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Keberhasilan pemanfaatan layanan UBM sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu, sosial, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penguatan peran tenaga kesehatan, peningkatan edukasi masyarakat, serta perbaikan kualitas layanan perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan upaya berhenti merokok di puskesmas.
Kata Kunci: Layanan Upaya Berhenti Merokok, Puskemas, Peran Tenaga Kesehatan, Motivasi Klien, Pemanfaatan Layanan.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
Download ArtikelReferensi
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Andersen, R., & Newman, J. F. (1973). Societal and Individual Determinants of Medical Care Utilization in the United States. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society, 51(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.2307/3349613
Arifin, Z., Hakim, L., Ester, M., & Sitorus, J. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan intensi berhenti merokok pada tenaga kesehatan puskesmas dalam lingkup Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Nagan Raya tahun 2021. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 7(2), 2615–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v7i2.1731
Arum, W. D. A. (2021). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kunjungan Perokok pada Klinik Upaya Berhenti Merokok (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Tawangrejo Kota Madiun) [Skripsi]. STIKES Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun.
Baliunas, D., Selby, P., de Oliveira, C., Kurdyak, P., Rosella, L., Zawertailo, L., Fu, L., & Sutradhar, R. (2023). Primary care-based smoking cessation treatment and subsequent healthcare service utilisation: a matched cohort study of smokers using linked administrative healthcare data. Tobacco Control, 32(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056522
CDC. (2013). Global tobacco control — global tobacco-related deaths projected to reach 8 million annually by 2030. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6313a1.htm
Dadipoor, S., Heydari, G., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Mohseni, S., Kakhaki, H. E. S., Aghamolaei, T., & Shahabi, N. (2023). A predictive model of waterpipe smoking cessation among women in southern Iran: application of the theory of planned behavior. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1151. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16053-4
Dannapfel, P., Bendtsen, P., Bendtsen, M., & Thomas, K. (2023). Implementing smoking cessation in routine primary care-a qualitative study. Frontiers in Health Services, 3, 1201447. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2023.1201447
Devhy, N. L. P., Yundari, I. D. H., Purwanti, I. S., & Prihatiningsih, D. (2019). Gambaran Kesadaran Perokok Untuk Mengikuti Konseling Di Klinik Berhenti Merokok di Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia, 9(3), 129–134. https://journal.stikeshb.ac.id/index.php/jurkessia/article/view/183
Direktorat P2PTM. (2023). Dampak Perilaku Merokok terhadap Penyakit Tidak Menular dan Perokok Pasif. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Hargono, A., Ni, Z., Artanti, K. D., Nastiti, R. D., & Martini, S. (2024). Development of a Mobile App for Smoking Cessation: a Qualitative Study. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 13(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v13i2.5335
Janah, E. N. (2021). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubugan dengan Keberhasilan Berhenti Merokok di Banjar Agung Lampung Selatan. PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 5(2), 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v5i2.2549
Mashuda, Aflanie, I., Shadiqi, M. A., Zoelkarnain, I., & Nugroho, A. (2024). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Poliklinik Bedah Mulut. Jurnal Ners: Research & Learning in Nursing Science, 8(1), 511–517. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners/article/download/23395/17623
Mi’rajiah, N., Noor, M. S., & Arifin, S. (2019). Hubungan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan dan Akses Ke Puskesmas terhadap Pemakaian Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang. Homeostasis, 2(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20527/ht.v2i1.436
Ngee Ling, B. J., Cheong, A. T., & Manap, A. H. A. (2022). Factors influencing the practice of Smoking Cessation Assessment and Management among Primary Care Doctors (SCAAM-DOC) in three districts of Malaysia. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0274568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274568
Pramana, G. A. I., Aryani, P., Yuliyatni, P. C. D., & Ani, L. S. (2021). EVALUASI PROGRAM KLIaEvaluasi program klinik berhenti merokok (KBM) di Puskesmas Banjarangkan 2. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana, 10(3), 58. https://doi.org/10.24843/MU.2021.V10.i3.P10
Rachmawati, W. C., Yunita, A., & Redjeki, E. S. (2023). Theory of Planned Behavior: Intention to Quit Smoking at Universitas Negeri Malang during Pandemic Covid-19. Jurnal PROMKES, 11(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V11.I2.2023.245-253
Rajani, N. B., Mastellos, N., & Filippidis, F. T. (2021). Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Quit of Smokers Seeking to Quit: Quantitative Assessment of Smoking Cessation Mobile Apps. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 9(4), e25030. https://doi.org/10.2196/25030
Sari, N. P. S. W., Akbar, I. Z., Panghiyangani, R., Musafaah, M., & Shadiqi, M. A. (2025). Analisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan pos bina terpadu penyakit tidak menular. Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 18(12), 1495–1505. https://e-jurnal.iphorr.com/index.php/hjk/article/view/628
Sari, P., Sary, L., & Febriani, C. A. (2021). Kesadaran Berhenti Merokok Masyarakat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Penawar Jaya Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Tahun 2020. JURNAL DUNIA KESMAS, 10(1), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v10i1.3363
Tamtama, T., Nugroho, A., Suhartono, E., Rahman, F., Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, P., Magister, P., Kedokteran, F., Lambung Mangkurat, U., Brigjen Jl Brig Jend Hasan Basri, J., Banjarmasin Utara, K., Banjarmasin, K., & Selatan, K. (2025). Science Midwifery Analysis of the utilization of posyandu for the elderly at the Ulin East Health Center in Banjarbaru City. Science Midwifery, 12(6), 2721–9453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v12i6.1796
Thanomsat, K., Yunibhand, J., & Preechawong, S. (2022). Effectiveness of an integrated smoking cessation service model on smoking status: A preliminary study. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 20, 104. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/155375
World Health Organization, & Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Ministry of Health and WHO release Global Adult Tobacco Survey Indonesia Report 2021. World Health Organization (WHO Indonesia). https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/detail/22-08-2024-ministry-of-health-and-who-release-global-adult-tobacco-survey-indonesia-report-2021
Xin, Y., & Ren, X. (2023). Determinants of province-based health service utilization according to Andersen’ s Behavioral Model: a population-based spatial panel modeling study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 985. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15885-4
Yolanda, Z. W., Zoelkarnain, I., Noor, M. S., Arifin, S., & Wydiamala, E. (2025). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pemanfaatan Program Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur (Tinjauan Studi dengan Metode Inspeksivisual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungai Mesa). MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal, 5(8), 3630–3647. https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v5i8.19150
Zarei, A., Shamsalinia, A., Yari, A., Hasirini, P. A., & Jeihooni, A. K. (2025). Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Reducing Smoking and Hookah Use Among High School Male Students. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 19(8), e70119. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70119
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i1.23804
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.