Dimensi Psikologis Fenomena Racun Sangga: Identifikasi Pengalaman Korban dan Peran Budaya Kalimantan

Sari

ABSTRACT

The Racun Sangga phenomenon is a traditional belief of the Kalimantan people that reflects the interconnection between psychological, cultural, and spiritual aspects in understanding suffering. This study aims to: (1) identify the psychological experiences of Racun Sangga victims (2) analyze the role of Kalimantan culture in shaping the meaning of illness and the healing process. The study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological and ethnographic design, through in-depth interviews and live-in at a village in Kalimantan. In-depth interviews with seven informants consisting of victims, psychologists, traditional healers, and spiritual experts. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field observations and analyzed using data triangulation. The results of the study reveal four main themes: (1) victims experience mental disorders, changes in perception, and physical complaints that are felt physically even though no clear medical cause has been found; (2) treatment is carried out through psychological and spiritual approaches, including cognitive therapy, transpersonal therapy, ruqyah practices, and family support; (3) Racun Sangga is understood as part of the social and cultural reality of Kalimantan society, passed down from generation to generation; and (4) treatment practices are based on moral values and spirituality that reject revenge. These findings indicate that Racun Sangga can be understood as a cultural concept of distress, meaning that its understanding and treatment require an interdisciplinary approach that is sensitive to the local cultural and spiritual context.

Keywords: Racun Sangga, Cultural Concepts of Distress (CCD), Psychological Experience, Phenomenology, Interdisciplinary Approach.

ABSTRAK

Fenomena Racun Sangga merupakan kepercayaan tradisional masyarakat Kalimantan yang merefleksikan keterkaitan antara aspek psikologis, budaya, dan spiritual dalam memahami penderitaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi pengalaman psikologis korban Racun Sangga (2) menganalisis peran budaya Kalimantan dalam membentuk pemaknaan terhadap penyakit dan proses penyembuhan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi dan etnografi, melalui wawancara mendalam dan live-in di salah satu desa di Kalimantan. Wawancara mendalam dengan 7 informan yang terdiri atas korban, psikolog, dukun dan ahli spiritual. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi lapangan serta dianalisis dengan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat tema utama: (1) korban mengalami gangguan pikiran, perubahan persepsi, dan keluhan fisik yang dirasakan secara nyata meskipun tidak ditemukan penyebab medis yang jelas; (2) penanganan dilakukan melalui pendekatan psikologis dan spiritual, termasuk terapi kognitif, transpersonal, praktik ruqyah, serta dukungan keluarga; (3) Racun Sangga dipahami sebagai bagian dari realitas sosial dan budaya masyarakat Kalimantan yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun; dan (4) praktik penanganan dilandasi oleh nilai moral dan spiritualitas yang menolak balas dendam. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Racun Sangga dapat dipahami sebagai Cultural Concepts of Distress, sehingga pemahaman dan penanganannya memerlukan pendekatan interdisipliner yang sensitif terhadap konteks budaya dan spiritual lokal.

Kata Kunci: Racun Sangga, Cultural Concepts of Distress (CCD), Pengalaman Psikologis, Fenomenologi, Pendekatan Interdisipliner.