Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Sungai Bengawan Solo Wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah

Nasywa Azalia Nabila, Windi Wulandari, Mitoriana Porusia

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Microplastics are plastics formed from large pieces of plastic that are then exposed to technical, thermal, and biological factors, causing them to breakdown into very small particles. Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems had become an increasingly worrying environmental issue because it could disrupt aquatic biota, ecosystem stability, and human health. This research was a quantitative descriptive study that aimed to analyze the abundance of microplastics in the Bengawan Solo River in the Pucangsawit sub-district, Surakarta City. The research was conducted using purposive sampling at 10 stations with a total of 10 liters of water filtered using a 200 µm mesh, then decomposed using 30% H₂O₂ and identified using a binocular microscope. The results of the study found 199 microplastic particles with an abundance of 19.9 particles/L. The highest abundance being 43 particles/L and the lowest abundance was 7 particles/L. The types of microplastics were dominated by fibers, while microplastics in the form of fragments, films, pellets, and foam were also observed. Thus, it could be concluded that the Bengawan Solo River, particularly in the Pucangsawit Village area of Surakarta City, has been polluted by microplastics.

 

Keywords : Microplastic, River, Abundance, Bengawan Solo.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Mikroplastik merupakan plastik yang terbentuk dari plastik berukuran besar yang kemudian terpapar oleh faktor teknis, termal dan biologis sehingga dapat terurai menjadi partikel-partikel yang sangat kecil. Pencemaran mikroplastik pada ekosistem air tawar menjadi isu lingkungan yang semakin mengkhawatirkan karena dapat mengganggu biota perairan, kestabilan ekosistem dan kesehatan manusia. Jenis penelitian berupa deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air Sungai Bengawan Solo di wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit, Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan purposive sampling pada 10 lokasi dengan total 10 liter air yang disaring menggunakan mesh 200 µm, kemudian di penguraian zat organik menggunakan H₂O₂ 30% dan diidentifikasi melalui mikroskop binokuler. Hasil penelitian menemukan 199 partikel mikroplastik dengan kelimpahan 19,9 partikel/L, dengan kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu 43 partikel/L serta kelimpahan terendah yaitu 7 partikel/L. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan didominasi oleh fiber, selain itu juga ditemukan mikroplastik dengan jenis fragmen, film, pellet dan foam. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa Sungai Bengawan Solo khususnya pada wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit, Kota Surakarta telah tercemar mikroplastik.

 

Kata Kunci: Mikroplastik, Sungai, Kelimpahan, Bengawan Solo.


Kata Kunci


Mikroplastik, Sungai, Kelimpahan, Bengawan Solo

Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Afdholy, A. R. (2017). Tipomorfologi Permukiman Tepian Sungai Martapura Kota Banjarmasin. Local Wisdom: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Kearifan Lokal, 9(1), 33-50.

Asyfiradayati, R., Umaroh, A. K., Wulandari, W., Porusia, M., Novembe, J. B., Khairunnisa, N. I., & Suparmin. (2024). Environmental Analysis of Basic Sanitation Quality of Residential Houses in Cokro Spring Stream Central Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1357(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1357/1/012023

Ayu, P., Setiyowati, I., Nur, F., Bukhori, F. P., & Ramadani, A. H. (2024). Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Perairan Hilir Sungai Bengawan Solo (Vol. 7, Issue 1).

Ayuningtyas, W. C. (2019). Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada perairan di Banyuurip, Gresik, Jawa Timur. JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 3(1), 41–45.

Barboza, L. G. A., Dick Vethaak, A., Lavorante, B. R. B. O., Lundebye, A. K., & Guilhermino, L. (2018). Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. In Marine Pollution Bulletin (Vol. 133, pp. 336–348). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047

Cordova, M. R., Purwiyanto, A. I. S., & Suteja, Y. (2019). Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the northern coastal waters of Surabaya, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 142, 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.040

De Troyer, N. (2015). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the Scheldt River (Bachelor’s thesis). Ghent University.

Ding, J., Li, J., Sun, C., Jiang, F., Ju, P., Qu, L., Zheng, Y., & He, C. (2019). Detection of microplastics in local marine organisms using a multi-technology system. Analytical Methods, 11(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01974f

Ecological Observation and Wetlands Conservation (ECOTON). (2021). Mikroplastik di Sungai Bengawan Solo. Laporan hasil riset ECOTON.

Fathonah, E. N., & Asyfiradayati, R. (2024). Minimizing coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria in clean water through a chlorine diffuser method combined with black sand. Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 7(10), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.33024/minh.v7i10.553

Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. http://advances.sciencemag.org/

Ghosh, S., Sinha, J. K., Ghosh, S., Vashisth, K., Han, S., & Bhaskar, R. (2023). Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 15, Issue 14). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410821

Hasibuan, N. H., Suryati, I., Leonardo, R., Risky, A., Ageng, P., & Addauwiyah, R. (2020). Analisa Jenis, Bentuk Dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Di Sungai Sei Sikambing Medan. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi: Jurnal Keilmuan Dan Aplikasi Teknologi Industri, 20(2), 108. https://doi.org/10.36275/stsp.v20i2.270

Hercog, K., Štampar, M., Štern, A., Filipič, M., & Žegura, B. (2020). Application of advanced HepG2 3D cell model for studying genotoxic activity of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin. Environmental Pollution, 265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114965

Horton, A. A., & Dixon, S. J. (2018). Microplastics: An introduction to environmental transport processes. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/WAT2.1268

Kataoka, T., Nihei, Y., Kudou, K., & Hinata, H. (2019). Assessment of the sources and inflow processes of microplastics in the river environments of Japan. Environmental Pollution, 244, 958–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.111

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK). (2025). Status mutu air sungai di Indonesia tahun 2025. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia.

Kunci, K., Brantas, S., Mangetan, K., & Kelimpahan, M. (2021). Environmental Pollution Journal. 175–183. https://ecotonjournal.id/index.php/epj

Laila, Q. N. , P. P. W. , J. O. E. (2020). Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di Desa Mangunharjo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang. Jurnal Pasir Laut, 1(1), 28–35. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/pasirlaut/article/view/30524

Lebreton, L. C. M., Van Der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J. W., Slat, B., Andrady, A., & Reisser, J. (2017). River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nature Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15611

Liebmann, B., Königshofer, P., Bucsics, T., & Reiberger, T. (2018). Assessment Of Microplastic Concentrations In Human Stool-Final Results Of A Prospective Study. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16638.02884

Lobo, A. C. (2022). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Dampak Pencemaran Air Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Desa Poponcol Kabupaten Karawang. 9(3). https://doi.org/10.31604/justitia.v9i3

Mardiyana, M., & Kristiningsih, A. (2020). Dampak Pencemaran Mikroplastik di Ekosistem Laut terhadap Zooplankton : Review. Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL), 2(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.35970/jppl.v2i1.147

Nyadjro, E. S., Webster, J. A. B., Boyer, T. P., Cebrian, J., Collazo, L., Kaltenberger, G., Larsen, K., Lau, Y. H., Mickle, P., Toft, T., & Wang, Z. (2023). The NOAA NCEI marine microplastics database. Scientific Data, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02632-y

Rahman, A., Sarkar, A., Yadav, O. P., Achari, G., & Slobodnik, J. (2021). Potential human health risks due to environmental exposure to nano- and microplastics and knowledge gaps: A scoping review. Science of The Total Environment, 757, 143872. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.143872

Ramadan, A. H., & Sembiring, E. (2020). Occurrence of Microplastic in surface water of Jatiluhur Reservoir. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20

Rizqiyah, Z., Listya Nurina, V., Program, R., Biologi, S., Sains, F., & Teknologi, D. (2021). Identifikasi Jenis dan Kelimpahan Miroplastik pada Ikan di Hilir Bengawan Solo. https://journalecoton.id/index.php/epj

Sari Dewi, I., Aditya Budiarsa, A., & Ramadhan Ritonga, I. (2015). Distribusi mikroplastik pada sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Depik, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.4.3.2888

Sugiester S, F., Firmansyah, Y. W., Widiyantoro, W., Fuadi, M. F., Afrina, Y., & Hardiyanto, A. (2021). Dampak Pencemaran Sungai Di Indonesia Terhadap Gangguan Kesehatan : Literature Review. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, 13(1), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v13i1.1829

Walker, T. R. (2021). (Micro)plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry (Vol. 30). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100497

Wang, J., Wang, M., Ru, S., & Liu, X. (2019). High levels of microplastic pollution in the sediments and benthic organisms of the South Yellow Sea, China. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 1661–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.007

Wibawa, I. P. U., & Yayi Arsandrie, S. T. (2020). Revitalisasi Bantaran Sungai Bengawan Solo di Gondangrejo Karanganyar Menjadi Sport Venue dan Taman Kota (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).

Wicaksono, E. A., Werorilangi, S., Galloway, T. S., & Tahir, A. (2021). Distribution and seasonal variation of microplastics in tallo river, makassar, eastern indonesia. Toxics, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060129

Wicaksono, K. B., Patria, M. P., & Suryanda, A. (2021). Microplastic ingestion in the black sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) collected from Rambut Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(5), 052049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1098/5/052049

Yano, K. A., Geronimo, F. K., Reyes, N. J., & Kim, L. H. (2021). Characterization and comparison of microplastic occurrence in point and non-point pollution sources. Science of The Total Environment, 797, 148939. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.148939

Yusron, M., Muhammad, D., & Jaza’, A. (2021). Analisis Jenis dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik serta Pencemaran Logam Berat pada Hulu Sungai Bengawan Solo . http://journal.ecoton.or.id/index.php/EPJ

Zhang, K., Hamidian, A. H., Tubić, A., Zhang, Y., Fang, J. K. H., Wu, C., & Lam, P. K. S. (2021). Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review. Environmental Pollution, 274, 116554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.116554




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i2.24245

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.