Hubungan Pola Menstruasi dan Status Gizi Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Putri

Dinda Oktia Maghfiroh, Sabatina Windyaningrum, Dellis Eka Mutiasari, Naila Farihatul Itsnainy

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ABSTRACT

 

Adolescence is a phase of life that carries a high risk of anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia, influenced by increased nutrient requirements during growth and blood loss due to menstruation. Menstrual patterns and nutritional status (BMI/Age) are factors suspected of contributing to variations in hemoglobin levels in this age group. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between menstrual patterns and nutritional status based on body mass index and hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. The study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 70 adolescent girls from SMKN 3 Malang were recruited as respondents using a purposive sampling method. Data on menstrual patterns were obtained through questionnaires, while nutritional status (BMI/Age) and hemoglobin levels were measured directly. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses (Pearson and Chi-Square test). The Pearson analysis showed a significant relationship between menstrual patterns and hemoglobin levels (p=0.035), with respondents with irregular menstrual patterns tending to have lower hemoglobin levels. In contrast, body mass index did not show a significant association with hemoglobin levels using the Chi-Square test (p=0.642). Adolescents with irregular menstrual patterns tend to have a higher risk of anemia compared to those with regular menstrual patterns. Meanwhile, nutritional status (BMI/Age) is not a major factor influencing hemoglobin levels in this population and does not necessarily reflect micronutrient adequacy, particularly iron.

 

Keywords: Adolescent Girls, Menstrual Patterns, Nutritional Status, Hemoglobin, Anemia.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Masa remaja putri merupakan fase kehidupan yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap terjadinya anemia, khususnya anemia defisiensi besi, yang dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan kebutuhan zat gizi selama pertumbuhan serta kehilangan darah akibat menstruasi. Pola menstruasi dan status gizi (IMT/U) merupakan faktor yang diduga berkontribusi terhadap variasi kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok usia ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pola menstruasi dan status gizi berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 70 remaja putri SMKN 3 Malang dilibatkan sebagai responden dengan metode purposive sampling. Data mengenai pola menstruasi diperoleh melalui kuesioner, sedangkan status gizi (IMT/U) dan kadar hemoglobin diukur secara langsung. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat (uji Pearson dan Chi-Square). Hasil analisis Pearson menunjukkan bahwa pola menstruasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin (p=0,035), di mana responden dengan pola menstruasi tidak normal cenderung memiliki kadar hemoglobin yang lebih rendah. Sebaliknya, indeks massa tubuh tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kadar hemoglobin melalui uji Chi-Square (p=0,642). Remaja dengan pola menstruasi tidak teratur cenderung memiliki risiko anemia yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mereka yang memiliki pola menstruasi teratur. Sementara status gizi (IMT/U) bukan merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi kadar hemoglobin pada populasi ini dan belum tentu mencerminkan kecukupan mikronutrien, khususnya zat besi.

 

Kata Kunci: Remaja Putri, Pola Menstruasi, Status Gizi, Hemoglobin, Anemia.


Kata Kunci


remaja putri, pola menstruasi, status gizi, hemoglobin, anemia

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i3.24510

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